Chronic Nonmodulated Microwave Radiations in Mice Produce Anxiety-like and Depression-like Behaviours and Calcium- and NO-related Biochemical Changes in the Brain

2016 · Mixed · Low evidence

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MixedLow evidencePaper 1402

Study snapshot

Publicationmanual · 2016

Study typeanimal

Reported directionMixed

Evidence ratingLow

Abstract

Chronic Nonmodulated Microwave Radiations in Mice Produce Anxiety-like and Depression-like Behaviours and Calcium- and NO-related Biochemical Changes in the Brain Kumar M, Singh SP, Chaturvedi CM. Chronic Nonmodulated Microwave Radiations in Mice Produce Anxiety-like and Depression-like Behaviours and Calcium- and NO-related Biochemical Changes in the Brain. Exp Neurobiol. 2016 Dec;25(6):318-327. doi: 10.5607/en.2016.25.6.318. Abstract The present study was aimed to investigate behavioural and biochemical effects of chronic exposure of amplitude modulated and non-modulated microwave radiation on laboratory mice. Chronic microwave exposures were executed with 2.45 GHz of either modulated (power density, 0.029 mW/cm2; specific absorption rate, 0.019 W/Kg with sinusoidal modulation of 400 Hz) or nonmodulated continuous sinusoidal wave (power density, 0.033 mW/cm2; specific absorption rate, 0.023 W/Kg) for 2 hrs daily for 1 month. Mice subjected to non-modulated microwave exposure had significantly increased acetylcholinesterase activity and increased intracellular calcium and nitric oxide levels in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus, and also had increased glucose and corticosterone levels in blood compared to control mice. These non-modulated microwave-exposed mice exhibited anxiety-like and depression-like behaviours. In contrast, mice exposed to modulated microwave for the same period did not show such changes in concomitant biochemical and behavioural analyses. These results suggest that chronic non-modulated microwave, but not modulated microwave, radiation may cause anxiety-like and depression-like behaviours and calcium- and NO-related biochemical changes in the brain. Open Access: bit.ly

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AI evidence extraction

Structured fields below were generated from the paper’s abstract and metadata to make the evidence easier to inspect. Automated extraction may be incomplete or incorrect; verify important details against the original paper.

Study typeanimal

Effect directionmixed

PopulationLaboratory mice

Sample sizeNot supplied

Exposuremicrowave · 2450 MHz · 2 hrs daily for 1 month

Evidence strengthLowConfidence: 78% · Peer reviewed: yes

Main findings

Mice exposed to non-modulated 2.45 GHz microwave radiation (power density 0.033 mW/cm2; SAR 0.023 W/kg) for 2 hours daily for 1 month showed increased acetylcholinesterase activity, increased intracellular calcium and nitric oxide in cerebral cortex and hippocampus, increased blood glucose and corticosterone, and exhibited anxiety-like and depression-like behaviours versus controls. Mice exposed to amplitude-modulated 2.45 GHz microwaves (power density 0.029 mW/cm2; SAR 0.019 W/kg; 400 Hz sinusoidal modulation) for the same duration did not show these biochemical or behavioural changes.

Outcomes measured

Anxiety-like behaviours
Depression-like behaviours
Acetylcholinesterase activity (cerebral cortex and hippocampus)
Intracellular calcium levels (cerebral cortex and hippocampus)
Nitric oxide levels (cerebral cortex and hippocampus)
Blood glucose
Blood corticosterone

Limitations

Sample size not reported in provided abstract/metadata
Animal study; generalizability to humans not established in provided abstract
Exposure conditions limited to 2.45 GHz with specific modulation parameters and power densities

View raw extracted JSON

{
  "study_type": "animal",
  "exposure": {
    "band": "microwave",
    "source": null,
    "frequency_mhz": 2450,
    "sar_wkg": null,
    "duration": "2 hrs daily for 1 month"
  },
  "population": "Laboratory mice",
  "sample_size": null,
  "outcomes": [
    "Anxiety-like behaviours",
    "Depression-like behaviours",
    "Acetylcholinesterase activity (cerebral cortex and hippocampus)",
    "Intracellular calcium levels (cerebral cortex and hippocampus)",
    "Nitric oxide levels (cerebral cortex and hippocampus)",
    "Blood glucose",
    "Blood corticosterone"
  ],
  "main_findings": "Mice exposed to non-modulated 2.45 GHz microwave radiation (power density 0.033 mW/cm2; SAR 0.023 W/kg) for 2 hours daily for 1 month showed increased acetylcholinesterase activity, increased intracellular calcium and nitric oxide in cerebral cortex and hippocampus, increased blood glucose and corticosterone, and exhibited anxiety-like and depression-like behaviours versus controls. Mice exposed to amplitude-modulated 2.45 GHz microwaves (power density 0.029 mW/cm2; SAR 0.019 W/kg; 400 Hz sinusoidal modulation) for the same duration did not show these biochemical or behavioural changes.",
  "effect_direction": "mixed",
  "limitations": [
    "Sample size not reported in provided abstract/metadata",
    "Animal study; generalizability to humans not established in provided abstract",
    "Exposure conditions limited to 2.45 GHz with specific modulation parameters and power densities"
  ],
  "evidence_strength": "low",
  "confidence": 0.78,
  "peer_reviewed_likely": "yes",
  "keywords": [
    "microwave radiation",
    "2.45 GHz",
    "amplitude modulated",
    "non-modulated",
    "continuous wave",
    "mice",
    "anxiety-like behaviour",
    "depression-like behaviour",
    "acetylcholinesterase",
    "calcium",
    "nitric oxide",
    "corticosterone",
    "glucose"
  ],
  "suggested_hubs": []
}

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AI-extracted fields are generated from the abstract and metadata and may be incomplete or incorrect. This material is for informational purposes and is not medical advice.

Identifiers and source

DOI: 10.5607/en.2016.25.6.318
PubMed: Not supplied

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