Evaluation of the Protective Role of Vitamin C on the Metabolic and Enzymatic Activities of the Liver in the Male Rats After Exposure to 2.45 GHz Of Wi-Fi Routers.
← Research streamIn the one-day test, Wi-Fi exposure was associated with increased blood glucose and decreased triglycerides and GGT (P<0.05), with no significant differences reported for cholesterol, HDL, LDL, and hepatic enzyme activities versus control. In the five-day tes…
Study snapshot
Abstract
BACKGROUND: The use of devices emitted microwave radiation such as mobile phones, wireless fidelity (Wi-Fi) routers, etc. is increased rapidly. It has caused a great concern; the researchers should identify its effects on people's health. We evaluated the protective role of Vitamin C on the metabolic and enzymatic activities of the liver after exposure to Wi-Fi routers. MATERIAL AND METHODS: 70 male Wistar rats weighing 200-250 g were randomly divided into 7 groups (10 rats in each group).The first stage one -day test: Group A (received vitamin C 250 mg/kg/day orally together with 8- hour/day Wi-Fi exposure).Group B (exposed to Wi-Fi radiation). Group C (received vitamin C). Group D or Control (was neither exposed to radiation of Wi-Fi modem nor did receive vitamin C). The second phase of experiment had done for five consecutive days. It involved Group E (received vitamin C), Group F (exposed to Wi-Fi radiation), Group G (received vitamin C together with Wi-Fi radiation). The distance between animals' restrainers was 20 cm away from the router antenna. Finally, blood samples were collected and assayed the level of hepatic enzymes including alkaline phosphatase(ALP), alanine amino transferase(ALT) aspartate amino transferase (ASL), gamma glutamyl transferase (GGT) and the concentration of Blood Glucose, Cholesterol , Triglyceride(TG),High density lipoprotein (HDL)and low density lipoprotein (LDL). RESULTS: Data obtained from the One day test showed an increase in concentration of blood glucose, decrease in Triglyceride level and GGT factor (P<0.05), however no observed significant difference on the Cholesterol , HDL , LDL level and hepatic enzymes activities in compare to control group. Groups of the five-day test showed reduction in the amount of blood glucose, elevation of cholesterol level and LDL relative to control group(P<0.05). CONCLUSION: WiFi exposure may exert alternations on the metabolic parameters and hepatic enzymes activities through stress oxidative and increasing of free radicals, but the use of vitamin C protects them from changing induced. Also taking optimum dose of vitamin C is essential for radioprotective effect and maintaining optimum health.
AI evidence extraction
Structured fields below were generated from the paper’s abstract and metadata to make the evidence easier to inspect. Automated extraction may be incomplete or incorrect; verify important details against the original paper.
Main findings
In the one-day test, Wi-Fi exposure was associated with increased blood glucose and decreased triglycerides and GGT (P<0.05), with no significant differences reported for cholesterol, HDL, LDL, and hepatic enzyme activities versus control. In the five-day test, groups showed reduced blood glucose and increased cholesterol and LDL relative to control (P<0.05). The authors report vitamin C (250 mg/kg/day orally) as protective against changes induced by Wi-Fi exposure.
Outcomes measured
- Blood glucose
- Cholesterol
- Triglycerides (TG)
- High density lipoprotein (HDL)
- Low density lipoprotein (LDL)
- Alkaline phosphatase (ALP)
- Alanine aminotransferase (ALT)
- Aspartate aminotransferase (ASL)
- Gamma glutamyl transferase (GGT)
Limitations
- Specific quantitative results (effect sizes) are not provided in the abstract.
- Exposure characterization is limited (e.g., no SAR/power density reported; only distance from antenna given).
- Potential inconsistencies/uncertainty in reporting of hepatic enzyme activity changes (abstract notes no significant differences for hepatic enzymes in one-day test but concludes WiFi may alter hepatic enzymes).
- Animal study; generalizability to humans is not addressed in the abstract.
View raw extracted JSON
{
"study_type": "animal",
"exposure": {
"band": "microwave",
"source": "wi-fi router",
"frequency_mhz": 2450,
"sar_wkg": null,
"duration": "8-hour/day Wi-Fi exposure (one-day test); five consecutive days (second phase)"
},
"population": "Male Wistar rats (200–250 g)",
"sample_size": 70,
"outcomes": [
"Blood glucose",
"Cholesterol",
"Triglycerides (TG)",
"High density lipoprotein (HDL)",
"Low density lipoprotein (LDL)",
"Alkaline phosphatase (ALP)",
"Alanine aminotransferase (ALT)",
"Aspartate aminotransferase (ASL)",
"Gamma glutamyl transferase (GGT)"
],
"main_findings": "In the one-day test, Wi-Fi exposure was associated with increased blood glucose and decreased triglycerides and GGT (P<0.05), with no significant differences reported for cholesterol, HDL, LDL, and hepatic enzyme activities versus control. In the five-day test, groups showed reduced blood glucose and increased cholesterol and LDL relative to control (P<0.05). The authors report vitamin C (250 mg/kg/day orally) as protective against changes induced by Wi-Fi exposure.",
"effect_direction": "mixed",
"limitations": [
"Specific quantitative results (effect sizes) are not provided in the abstract.",
"Exposure characterization is limited (e.g., no SAR/power density reported; only distance from antenna given).",
"Potential inconsistencies/uncertainty in reporting of hepatic enzyme activity changes (abstract notes no significant differences for hepatic enzymes in one-day test but concludes WiFi may alter hepatic enzymes).",
"Animal study; generalizability to humans is not addressed in the abstract."
],
"evidence_strength": "low",
"confidence": 0.74,
"peer_reviewed_likely": "yes",
"keywords": [
"Wi-Fi",
"2.45 GHz",
"microwave radiation",
"vitamin C",
"radioprotection",
"liver enzymes",
"metabolic parameters",
"oxidative stress",
"Wistar rats"
],
"suggested_hubs": [
{
"slug": "school-wi-fi",
"weight": 0.35,
"reason": "Study involves exposure to Wi‑Fi router emissions at 2.45 GHz (relevant to Wi‑Fi exposure discussions)."
}
]
}AI-extracted fields are generated from the abstract and metadata and may be incomplete or incorrect. This material is for informational purposes and is not medical advice.
Identifiers and source
DOI: Not supplied
PubMed: 27853723
Related papers
- Protective Role of Vitamin C on the Metabolic and Enzymatic Activities of the Liver in Male Rats After Exposure to Wi-Fi Routers 2016
- Ashwagandha Diminishes Hippocampal Apoptosis Induced by Wi-Fi Radiation in Male Quails 2024
- Swimming exercise reduces oxidative stress and liver damage indices of male rats exposed to electromagnetic radiation 2023
- Hepatic injury induced by radio frequency waves emitted from conventional Wi-Fi devices in Wistar rats 2020
- Adverse effects of Wi-Fi radiation on male reproductive system: A systematic review 2019
- Evidence of oxidative stress after continuous exposure to Wi-Fi radiation in rat model 2018