Protective Role of Vitamin C on the Metabolic and Enzymatic Activities of the Liver in Male Rats After Exposure to Wi-Fi Routers

2016 · Mixed · Low evidence

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MixedLow evidencePaper 1412

Study snapshot

Publicationmanual · 2016

Study typeanimal

Reported directionMixed

Evidence ratingLow

Abstract

Protective Role of Vitamin C on the Metabolic and Enzymatic Activities of the Liver in Male Rats After Exposure to Wi-Fi Routers Shekoohi-Shooli F, Mortazavi SM, Shojaei-Fard MB, Nematollahi S, Tayebi M. Evaluation of the Protective Role of Vitamin C on the Metabolic and Enzymatic Activities of the Liver in the Male Rats After Exposure to 2.45 GHz Of Wi-Fi Routers. J Biomed Phys Eng. 2016 Sep 1;6(3):157-164. eCollection 2016. Abstract BACKGROUND: The use of devices emitted microwave radiation such as mobile phones, wireless fidelity (Wi-Fi) routers, etc. is increased rapidly. It has caused a great concern; the researchers should identify its effects on people's health. We evaluated the protective role of Vitamin C on the metabolic and enzymatic activities of the liver after exposure to Wi-Fi routers. MATERIAL AND METHODS: 70 male Wistar rats weighing 200-250 g were randomly divided into 7 groups (10 rats in each group).The first stage one-day test: Group A (received vitamin C 250 mg/kg/day orally together with 8- hour/day Wi-Fi exposure). Group B (exposed to Wi-Fi radiation). Group C (received vitamin C). Group D or Control (was neither exposed to radiation of Wi-Fi modem nor did receive vitamin C). The second phase of experiment had done for five consecutive days. It involved Group E (received vitamin C), Group F (exposed to Wi-Fi radiation), Group G (received vitamin C together with Wi-Fi radiation). The distance between animals' restrainers was 20 cm away from the router antenna. Finally, blood samples were collected and assayed the level of hepatic enzymes including alkaline phosphatase (ALP), alanine amino transferase (ALT) aspartate amino transferase (ASL), gamma glutamyl transferase (GGT) and the concentration of Blood Glucose, Cholesterol, Triglyceride (TG), High density lipoprotein (HDL) and low density lipoprotein (LDL). RESULTS: Data obtained from the One day test showed an increase in concentration of blood glucose, decrease in Triglyceride level and GGT factor (P<0.05), however no observed significant difference on the Cholesterol, HDL, LDL level and hepatic enzymes activities in compare to control group. Groups of the five-day test showed reduction in the amount of blood glucose, elevation of cholesterol level and LDL relative to control group (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: WiFi exposure may exert alternations on the metabolic parameters and hepatic enzymes activities through stress oxidative and increasing of free radicals, but the use of vitamin C protects them from changing induced. Also taking optimum dose of vitamin C is essential for radioprotective effect and maintaining optimum health. ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

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AI evidence extraction

Structured fields below were generated from the paper’s abstract and metadata to make the evidence easier to inspect. Automated extraction may be incomplete or incorrect; verify important details against the original paper.

Study typeanimal

Effect directionmixed

PopulationMale Wistar rats (200–250 g)

Sample size70

Exposuremicrowave · 2450 MHz · 8 hours/day; one-day test and five consecutive days (second phase)

Evidence strengthLowConfidence: 74% · Peer reviewed: yes

Main findings

In the one-day test, Wi-Fi exposure was associated with increased blood glucose and decreased triglyceride and GGT (P<0.05), with no significant differences reported for cholesterol, HDL, LDL, and hepatic enzyme activities compared with controls. In the five-day test, groups showed reduced blood glucose and increased cholesterol and LDL relative to controls (P<0.05). The authors conclude vitamin C protected against Wi-Fi-induced changes.

Outcomes measured

Blood glucose
Cholesterol
Triglyceride (TG)
High density lipoprotein (HDL)
Low density lipoprotein (LDL)
Alkaline phosphatase (ALP)
Alanine amino transferase (ALT)
Aspartate amino transferase (ASL)
Gamma glutamyl transferase (GGT)

Limitations

Animal study (male rats); generalizability to humans unclear
Exposure metrics beyond frequency/distance (e.g., power density/SAR) not reported in abstract
Multiple groups and outcomes; detailed between-group comparisons (including vitamin C effects) not fully reported in abstract
Potential inconsistencies/uncertainty in reported hepatic enzyme findings (some enzymes changed, others not) based on abstract summary

View raw extracted JSON

{
  "study_type": "animal",
  "exposure": {
    "band": "microwave",
    "source": "wi-fi",
    "frequency_mhz": 2450,
    "sar_wkg": null,
    "duration": "8 hours/day; one-day test and five consecutive days (second phase)"
  },
  "population": "Male Wistar rats (200–250 g)",
  "sample_size": 70,
  "outcomes": [
    "Blood glucose",
    "Cholesterol",
    "Triglyceride (TG)",
    "High density lipoprotein (HDL)",
    "Low density lipoprotein (LDL)",
    "Alkaline phosphatase (ALP)",
    "Alanine amino transferase (ALT)",
    "Aspartate amino transferase (ASL)",
    "Gamma glutamyl transferase (GGT)"
  ],
  "main_findings": "In the one-day test, Wi-Fi exposure was associated with increased blood glucose and decreased triglyceride and GGT (P<0.05), with no significant differences reported for cholesterol, HDL, LDL, and hepatic enzyme activities compared with controls. In the five-day test, groups showed reduced blood glucose and increased cholesterol and LDL relative to controls (P<0.05). The authors conclude vitamin C protected against Wi-Fi-induced changes.",
  "effect_direction": "mixed",
  "limitations": [
    "Animal study (male rats); generalizability to humans unclear",
    "Exposure metrics beyond frequency/distance (e.g., power density/SAR) not reported in abstract",
    "Multiple groups and outcomes; detailed between-group comparisons (including vitamin C effects) not fully reported in abstract",
    "Potential inconsistencies/uncertainty in reported hepatic enzyme findings (some enzymes changed, others not) based on abstract summary"
  ],
  "evidence_strength": "low",
  "confidence": 0.74,
  "peer_reviewed_likely": "yes",
  "keywords": [
    "Wi-Fi",
    "2.45 GHz",
    "microwave radiation",
    "vitamin C",
    "radioprotection",
    "liver enzymes",
    "metabolic parameters",
    "oxidative stress",
    "Wistar rats"
  ],
  "suggested_hubs": [
    {
      "slug": "school-wi-fi",
      "weight": 0.55,
      "reason": "Study involves exposure to Wi‑Fi router radiation (2.45 GHz), relevant to Wi‑Fi exposure discussions."
    }
  ]
}

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AI-extracted fields are generated from the abstract and metadata and may be incomplete or incorrect. This material is for informational purposes and is not medical advice.

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