Antiparasitic effects of gold nanoparticles with microwave radiation on promastigots and amastigotes of Leishmania major.

International journal of hyperthermia : the official journal of European Society for Hyperthermic Oncology, North American Hyperthermia Group · 2013 · Benefit · Low evidence

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BenefitLow evidencePaper 6550

Microwave irradiation at 2450 MHz in the presence of gold nanoparticles (GNPs) produced a significant decline in Leishmania major promastigote survival compared with microwave exposure without GNPs. Groups containing GNPs also showed the least amastigote surv…

Study snapshot

PublicationInternational journal of hyperthermia : the official journal of European Society for Hyperthermic Oncology, North American Hyperthermia Group · 2013

Study typein_vitro

Reported directionBenefit

Evidence ratingLow

Abstract

PURPOSE: This study aimed to determine the efficacy of thermotherapy in the presence of gold nanoparticles (GNPs) and microwave (MW) radiation at a frequency of 2450 MHz on the survival of Leishmania major promastigotes and amastigotes. MATERIALS AND METHODS: L. major promastigotes (strain MRHO/IR/75/ER) were cultured in RPMI-1640 medium supplemented with foetal bovine serum and antibiotic. The promastigotes were incubated with GNPs for 2 h. After washing, thermotherapy was performed by MW irradiation. After 48 h the promastigote survival rate was assessed using Alamar Blue assay. In the second part of the study, after culture and proliferation of J744 cells, the infected macrophages were incubated with the GNPs and were inserted under MW irradiation. After 24 h, the number of amastigotes in the macrophages was determined after Giemsa staining by a light microscope. RESULT: Increased exposure time of the microwave to the parasites in the presence of GNPs induced a significant decline in promastigotes survival rate in comparison to similar samples without GNPs. The least survival of amastigotes was also recorded in the groups containing GNPs. The presence of GNPs during MW irradiation was more lethal for promastigotes and amastigotes in comparison to MW alone. CONCLUSION: Thermotherapy using MW radiation in the presence of GNPs may be proposed as a new approach to treat leishmaniasis in future studies.

Machine Enhanced Logic

AI evidence extraction

Structured fields below were generated from the paper’s abstract and metadata to make the evidence easier to inspect. Automated extraction may be incomplete or incorrect; verify important details against the original paper.

Study typein_vitro

Effect directionbenefit

PopulationNot supplied

Sample sizeNot supplied

Exposuremicrowave · 2450 MHz

Evidence strengthLowConfidence: 74% · Peer reviewed: yes

Main findings

Outcomes measured

Promastigote survival rate (Alamar Blue assay)
Number/survival of amastigotes in infected macrophages (Giemsa staining/light microscopy)

Limitations

No sample size reported in abstract
Exposure parameters beyond frequency (e.g., power, SAR, temperature achieved, exposure duration) not reported in abstract
In vitro design; clinical relevance not established in abstract

View raw extracted JSON

{
  "study_type": "in_vitro",
  "exposure": {
    "band": "microwave",
    "source": null,
    "frequency_mhz": 2450,
    "sar_wkg": null,
    "duration": null
  },
  "population": null,
  "sample_size": null,
  "outcomes": [
    "Promastigote survival rate (Alamar Blue assay)",
    "Number/survival of amastigotes in infected macrophages (Giemsa staining/light microscopy)"
  ],
  "main_findings": "Microwave irradiation at 2450 MHz in the presence of gold nanoparticles (GNPs) produced a significant decline in Leishmania major promastigote survival compared with microwave exposure without GNPs. Groups containing GNPs also showed the least amastigote survival, and GNPs during microwave irradiation were more lethal than microwave alone.",
  "effect_direction": "benefit",
  "limitations": [
    "No sample size reported in abstract",
    "Exposure parameters beyond frequency (e.g., power, SAR, temperature achieved, exposure duration) not reported in abstract",
    "In vitro design; clinical relevance not established in abstract"
  ],
  "evidence_strength": "low",
  "confidence": 0.74,
  "peer_reviewed_likely": "yes",
  "keywords": [
    "microwave",
    "2450 MHz",
    "thermotherapy",
    "gold nanoparticles",
    "Leishmania major",
    "promastigote",
    "amastigote",
    "in vitro",
    "hyperthermia"
  ],
  "suggested_hubs": []
}

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AI-extracted fields are generated from the abstract and metadata and may be incomplete or incorrect. This material is for informational purposes and is not medical advice.

Identifiers and source

DOI: 10.3109/02656736.2012.758875
PubMed: 23311381

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