Response of Japanese quail to hemorrhagic stress after exposure to microwave radiation during embryogeny.

Comparative biochemistry and physiology. A, Comparative physiology · 1986 · Harm · Low evidence

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HarmLow evidencePaper 6210

Study snapshot

PublicationComparative biochemistry and physiology. A, Comparative physiology · 1986

Study typeanimal

Reported directionHarm

Evidence ratingLow

Abstract

Coturnix coturnix japonica eggs were exposed to 2.45 GHz continuous wave microwave radiation at an incident power density of 5 mW/cm2 (SAR = 4 mW/g) during the first 12 days of embryogeny. After hatching, hematologic changes in response to an acute hemorrhage were measured in exposed and nonexposed (control) juveniles and adults of both sexes. Reticulocyte numbers and percentages were depressed below control numbers at 24 hr postphlebotomy in exposed adult females. Lymphocyte numbers were depressed below control levels at 24 hr postphlebotomy in exposed juvenile and adult males. At 72 hr heterophil numbers were depressed in exposed juvenile and adult males. These data suggest that microwave irradiation during embryogeny affects the ability of Japanese quail to recover from an acute and voluminous hemorrhage and that these radiation effects are small.

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AI evidence extraction

Structured fields below were generated from the paper’s abstract and metadata to make the evidence easier to inspect. Automated extraction may be incomplete or incorrect; verify important details against the original paper.

Study typeanimal

Effect directionharm

PopulationJapanese quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica) embryos; outcomes assessed in juveniles and adults of both sexes after hatching

Sample sizeNot supplied

Exposuremicrowave · 2450 MHz · 4 W/kg · first 12 days of embryogeny

Evidence strengthLowConfidence: 74% · Peer reviewed: yes

Main findings

Eggs exposed to 2.45 GHz continuous-wave microwaves (5 mW/cm2; SAR 4 mW/g) during the first 12 days of embryogeny showed small depressions in certain blood cell measures after an acute hemorrhage compared with controls. Reticulocytes were depressed at 24 hr postphlebotomy in exposed adult females; lymphocytes were depressed at 24 hr in exposed juvenile and adult males; heterophils were depressed at 72 hr in exposed juvenile and adult males.

Outcomes measured

Hematologic response to acute hemorrhage (postphlebotomy)
Reticulocyte numbers and percentages
Lymphocyte numbers
Heterophil numbers

Limitations

Sample size not reported in abstract
Only selected hematologic endpoints and timepoints reported (24 hr, 72 hr)
Animal model; generalizability to humans not addressed
Effects described as small by authors

View raw extracted JSON

{
  "study_type": "animal",
  "exposure": {
    "band": "microwave",
    "source": null,
    "frequency_mhz": 2450,
    "sar_wkg": 4,
    "duration": "first 12 days of embryogeny"
  },
  "population": "Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica) embryos; outcomes assessed in juveniles and adults of both sexes after hatching",
  "sample_size": null,
  "outcomes": [
    "Hematologic response to acute hemorrhage (postphlebotomy)",
    "Reticulocyte numbers and percentages",
    "Lymphocyte numbers",
    "Heterophil numbers"
  ],
  "main_findings": "Eggs exposed to 2.45 GHz continuous-wave microwaves (5 mW/cm2; SAR 4 mW/g) during the first 12 days of embryogeny showed small depressions in certain blood cell measures after an acute hemorrhage compared with controls. Reticulocytes were depressed at 24 hr postphlebotomy in exposed adult females; lymphocytes were depressed at 24 hr in exposed juvenile and adult males; heterophils were depressed at 72 hr in exposed juvenile and adult males.",
  "effect_direction": "harm",
  "limitations": [
    "Sample size not reported in abstract",
    "Only selected hematologic endpoints and timepoints reported (24 hr, 72 hr)",
    "Animal model; generalizability to humans not addressed",
    "Effects described as small by authors"
  ],
  "evidence_strength": "low",
  "confidence": 0.74,
  "peer_reviewed_likely": "yes",
  "keywords": [
    "Japanese quail",
    "embryogeny",
    "microwave radiation",
    "2.45 GHz",
    "continuous wave",
    "power density",
    "SAR",
    "hemorrhagic stress",
    "hematology",
    "reticulocytes",
    "lymphocytes",
    "heterophils"
  ],
  "suggested_hubs": []
}

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AI-extracted fields are generated from the abstract and metadata and may be incomplete or incorrect. This material is for informational purposes and is not medical advice.

Identifiers and source

DOI: 10.1016/0300-9629(86)90277-x
PubMed: 2879671

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