Humoral and cell-mediated immune function in adult Japanese Quail following exposure to 2.45-GHz microwave radiation during embryogeny.

Bioelectromagnetics · 1981 · Mixed · Low evidence

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MixedLow evidencePaper 6025

Study snapshot

PublicationBioelectromagnetics · 1981

Study typeanimal

Reported directionMixed

Evidence ratingLow

Abstract

Japanese quail, Coturnix coturnix japonica, eggs were subjected to 2.45-GHz CW microwave radiation at 5 mW/cm2 (SAR = 4.03 mW/g) during the first 12 days of embryogeny. Following hatching the exposed embryos, as well as nonexposed controls, were reared to 22 weeks of age. Humoral immune potential, as indicated by comparable anti-CRBC antibody, IgM and IgG, levels at 0, 4, and 7 days postimmunization in both exposed and control quail was not affected significantly. However, cell-mediated immune potential, measured by the reaction to intradermal injection of phytohemagglutinin-P in the wing web, was reduced in the exposed females, but not in the exposed males. Additionally, total leukocyte numbers and absolute circulating numbers of lymphocytes, monocytes, and heterophils were increased significantly only in the exposed females. These data show that exposure of Japanese quail during embryogenesis reduced cell mediated immune potential and induced a general leukocytosis in females.

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AI evidence extraction

Structured fields below were generated from the paper’s abstract and metadata to make the evidence easier to inspect. Automated extraction may be incomplete or incorrect; verify important details against the original paper.

Study typeanimal

Effect directionmixed

PopulationJapanese quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica) exposed during embryogenesis and assessed as adults (22 weeks)

Sample sizeNot supplied

Exposuremicrowave · 2450 MHz · 0.00403 W/kg · first 12 days of embryogeny

Evidence strengthLowConfidence: 78% · Peer reviewed: yes

Main findings

Humoral immune measures (anti-CRBC antibody, IgM, IgG at 0, 4, and 7 days postimmunization) were not significantly different between exposed and control quail. Cell-mediated immune response to phytohemagglutinin-P was reduced in exposed females but not exposed males. Total leukocytes and absolute circulating lymphocytes, monocytes, and heterophils were significantly increased only in exposed females.

Outcomes measured

Humoral immune response (anti-CRBC antibody, IgM, IgG)
Cell-mediated immune response (phytohemagglutinin-P wing web reaction)
Total leukocyte count
Circulating lymphocytes
Circulating monocytes
Circulating heterophils

Limitations

Sample size not reported in the abstract
Exposure conditions beyond frequency, power density, SAR, and timing are not described in the abstract
Sex-specific effects reported; generalizability across sexes is limited

View raw extracted JSON

{
  "study_type": "animal",
  "exposure": {
    "band": "microwave",
    "source": null,
    "frequency_mhz": 2450,
    "sar_wkg": 0.00403,
    "duration": "first 12 days of embryogeny"
  },
  "population": "Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica) exposed during embryogenesis and assessed as adults (22 weeks)",
  "sample_size": null,
  "outcomes": [
    "Humoral immune response (anti-CRBC antibody, IgM, IgG)",
    "Cell-mediated immune response (phytohemagglutinin-P wing web reaction)",
    "Total leukocyte count",
    "Circulating lymphocytes",
    "Circulating monocytes",
    "Circulating heterophils"
  ],
  "main_findings": "Humoral immune measures (anti-CRBC antibody, IgM, IgG at 0, 4, and 7 days postimmunization) were not significantly different between exposed and control quail. Cell-mediated immune response to phytohemagglutinin-P was reduced in exposed females but not exposed males. Total leukocytes and absolute circulating lymphocytes, monocytes, and heterophils were significantly increased only in exposed females.",
  "effect_direction": "mixed",
  "limitations": [
    "Sample size not reported in the abstract",
    "Exposure conditions beyond frequency, power density, SAR, and timing are not described in the abstract",
    "Sex-specific effects reported; generalizability across sexes is limited"
  ],
  "evidence_strength": "low",
  "confidence": 0.78,
  "peer_reviewed_likely": "yes",
  "keywords": [
    "Japanese quail",
    "embryogenesis",
    "2.45 GHz",
    "microwave radiation",
    "CW",
    "SAR",
    "immune function",
    "humoral immunity",
    "cell-mediated immunity",
    "phytohemagglutinin",
    "leukocytosis",
    "sex differences"
  ],
  "suggested_hubs": []
}

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AI-extracted fields are generated from the abstract and metadata and may be incomplete or incorrect. This material is for informational purposes and is not medical advice.

Identifiers and source

DOI: 10.1002/bem.2250020308
PubMed: 7306223

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