Serum enzymes in hemorrhaged Japanese quail after microwave irradiation during embryogeny.

{
  "study_type": "animal",
  "exposure": {
    "band": "microwave",
    "source": "in ovo exposure (embryogeny)",
    "frequency_mhz": 2450,
    "sar_wkg": 0.00403,
    "duration": "first 12 days of embryogeny"
  },
  "population": "Japanese quail (eggs/embryos; assessed after hatching)",
  "sample_size": null,
  "outcomes": [
    "Serum lactate dehydrogenase",
    "Serum beta-glucuronidase",
    "Serum acid phosphatase",
    "Serum glucose",
    "Serum protein",
    "Serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT) activity response to hemorrhagic stress"
  ],
  "main_findings": "Japanese quail eggs exposed in ovo to 2.45 GHz continuous wave microwaves (5 mW/cm2; SAR 4.03 mW/g) during the first 12 days of embryogeny showed no effects on lactate dehydrogenase, beta-glucuronidase, acid phosphatase, glucose, or protein either before or after a 30% blood-volume hemorrhage after hatching. Microwave irradiation during embryogeny affected the response of serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase activity to hemorrhagic stress.",
  "effect_direction": "mixed",
  "limitations": [
    "Sample size not reported in abstract",
    "Direction/magnitude of the SGOT response change not described",
    "Exposure details limited to frequency, power density, SAR, and timing; other dosimetry/temperature control not described in abstract"
  ],
  "evidence_strength": "low",
  "confidence": 0.78,
  "peer_reviewed_likely": "yes",
  "keywords": [
    "Japanese quail",
    "embryogeny",
    "in ovo",
    "microwave",
    "2.45 GHz",
    "continuous wave",
    "power density",
    "specific absorption rate",
    "hemorrhage",
    "serum enzymes",
    "SGOT",
    "lactate dehydrogenase"
  ],
  "suggested_hubs": []
}