Immunologic and hematopoietic alterations by 2,450-MHz electromagnetic radiation.

Bioelectromagnetics · 1980 · Mixed · Low evidence

← Research stream

MixedLow evidencePaper 6059

Study snapshot

PublicationBioelectromagnetics · 1980

Study typeanimal

Reported directionMixed

Evidence ratingLow

Abstract

A biphasic modulation of responsiveness of spleen lymphocytes to mitogens was observed in mice exposed to 2,450-MHz radiation at power densities of 5-15 mW/cm2 over various periods ranging between one and 17 days. This modulated phenomenon may be explained on the basis of 1) suppression of lymphocyte response to microwave-activated macrophages which persists throughout the entire course of radiation, and 2) concurrent progressive direct stimulation of lymphocytes which culminates around day 9 of exposure. Tumor cytotoxicity of killer lymphocytes from mice exposed to five or nine days of radiation did not appear different from sham controls. The highly proliferative hematopoietic marrow cells were sensitive to microwave radiation. Nine days of exposure to radiation (15 mW/cm2) reduced the colony-forming units of myeloid and erythroid series by 50%. This observation may offer a new and more sensitive assay for studying biological effects of electromagnetic radiation.

Machine Enhanced Logic

AI evidence extraction

Structured fields below were generated from the paper’s abstract and metadata to make the evidence easier to inspect. Automated extraction may be incomplete or incorrect; verify important details against the original paper.

Study typeanimal

Effect directionmixed

PopulationMice

Sample sizeNot supplied

Exposuremicrowave · 2450 MHz · 1–17 days

Evidence strengthLowConfidence: 78% · Peer reviewed: yes

Main findings

Mice exposed to 2,450-MHz radiation (5–15 mW/cm2) for 1–17 days showed biphasic modulation of spleen lymphocyte responsiveness to mitogens, described as suppression related to microwave-activated macrophages alongside progressive direct lymphocyte stimulation peaking around day 9. Tumor cytotoxicity of killer lymphocytes after 5 or 9 days of exposure did not appear different from sham controls. Nine days of exposure at 15 mW/cm2 reduced myeloid and erythroid marrow colony-forming units by about 50%.

Outcomes measured

Spleen lymphocyte responsiveness to mitogens
Macrophage-mediated effects on lymphocyte response
Direct lymphocyte stimulation
Tumor cytotoxicity of killer lymphocytes
Hematopoietic bone marrow colony-forming units (myeloid and erythroid)

Limitations

Sample size not reported in abstract
Exposure described by power density (mW/cm2) without SAR or dosimetry details in abstract
Mechanistic explanation is proposed but not fully detailed in abstract
Limited outcome detail for tumor cytotoxicity (no quantitative results provided)

View raw extracted JSON

{
  "study_type": "animal",
  "exposure": {
    "band": "microwave",
    "source": null,
    "frequency_mhz": 2450,
    "sar_wkg": null,
    "duration": "1–17 days"
  },
  "population": "Mice",
  "sample_size": null,
  "outcomes": [
    "Spleen lymphocyte responsiveness to mitogens",
    "Macrophage-mediated effects on lymphocyte response",
    "Direct lymphocyte stimulation",
    "Tumor cytotoxicity of killer lymphocytes",
    "Hematopoietic bone marrow colony-forming units (myeloid and erythroid)"
  ],
  "main_findings": "Mice exposed to 2,450-MHz radiation (5–15 mW/cm2) for 1–17 days showed biphasic modulation of spleen lymphocyte responsiveness to mitogens, described as suppression related to microwave-activated macrophages alongside progressive direct lymphocyte stimulation peaking around day 9. Tumor cytotoxicity of killer lymphocytes after 5 or 9 days of exposure did not appear different from sham controls. Nine days of exposure at 15 mW/cm2 reduced myeloid and erythroid marrow colony-forming units by about 50%.",
  "effect_direction": "mixed",
  "limitations": [
    "Sample size not reported in abstract",
    "Exposure described by power density (mW/cm2) without SAR or dosimetry details in abstract",
    "Mechanistic explanation is proposed but not fully detailed in abstract",
    "Limited outcome detail for tumor cytotoxicity (no quantitative results provided)"
  ],
  "evidence_strength": "low",
  "confidence": 0.78,
  "peer_reviewed_likely": "yes",
  "keywords": [
    "2450 MHz",
    "microwave radiation",
    "mice",
    "immune function",
    "spleen lymphocytes",
    "mitogen response",
    "macrophages",
    "killer lymphocytes",
    "tumor cytotoxicity",
    "hematopoiesis",
    "bone marrow",
    "colony-forming units",
    "myeloid",
    "erythroid",
    "power density"
  ],
  "suggested_hubs": []
}

AI can be wrong. Always verify against the paper.

AI-extracted fields are generated from the abstract and metadata and may be incomplete or incorrect. This material is for informational purposes and is not medical advice.

Identifiers and source

DOI: 10.1002/bem.2250010108
PubMed: 6974550

Read the original paper →

Related papers

← Back to the Research Library