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Sinusoidal Extremely Low-Frequency Electromagnetic Stimulation (ELF-EMS) Promotes Angiogenesis In Vitro.

Biomedicines · 2025 · Benefit · Low evidence

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BenefitLow evidencePaper 5895

ELF-EMS (13.5 mT at 10 and 60 Hz) increased HMEC-1 proliferation, tube formation, migration and transmigration; transmigration was reported as mediated via nitric oxide (NO). Calcium inhibition decreased ELF-EMF-induced NO production, and ELF-EMS increased bl…

Study snapshot

PublicationBiomedicines · 2025
Study typein_vitro
Reported directionBenefit
Evidence ratingLow

Abstract

: Angiogenesis is the multistep process of the formation of new blood vessels. It is beneficial in scenarios that require tissue repair and regeneration, such as wound healing, bone fracture repair, and recovery from ischemic injuries like stroke, where new blood vessel formation restores oxygen and nutrient supply to damaged areas. Extremely low-frequency electromagnetic stimulation (ELF-EMS), which involves electromagnetic fields in the frequency range of 0-300 Hz, have been shown to reduce ischemic stroke volume by improving cerebral blood flow and recovery effects that are dependent on eNOS. Based on previous results, we herein explore the effects of ELF-EMS treatment (13.5 mT/10 and 60 Hz) on the activation of angiogenic processes in vitro in homeostatic conditions. : Using human microvascular endothelial cells (HMEC-1), we studied cell proliferation, migration, and tube formation in vitro, as well as nitric oxide production and the effect of calcium and nitric oxide (NO) on these processes. Moreover, blood vessel formation was studied using a chicken chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) assay. : Our results showed that ELF-EMS increases proliferation, tube formation, and both the migration and transmigration of these cells, the latter of which was mediated via NO. In turn, calcium inhibition decreased ELF-EMF-induced NO production. Furthermore, ELF-EMS significantly increased blood vessel formation in the CAM assay. : Our results indicated that ELF-EMS exposure (13.5 mT/10 and 60 Hz) significantly induces angiogenesis in vitro and in ovo, underscoring its potential application in the treatment of conditions characterized by insufficient blood supply.

Machine Enhanced Logic

AI evidence extraction

Structured fields below were generated from the paper’s abstract and metadata to make the evidence easier to inspect. Automated extraction may be incomplete or incorrect; verify important details against the original paper.

Study typein_vitro
Effect directionbenefit
PopulationHuman microvascular endothelial cells (HMEC-1); chicken chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) assay (in ovo)
Sample sizeNot supplied
ExposureELF
Evidence strengthLowConfidence: 78% · Peer reviewed: yes

Main findings

ELF-EMS (13.5 mT at 10 and 60 Hz) increased HMEC-1 proliferation, tube formation, migration and transmigration; transmigration was reported as mediated via nitric oxide (NO). Calcium inhibition decreased ELF-EMF-induced NO production, and ELF-EMS increased blood vessel formation in the CAM assay.

Outcomes measured

  • Endothelial cell proliferation
  • Endothelial cell migration
  • Endothelial cell transmigration
  • Tube formation
  • Nitric oxide (NO) production
  • Calcium involvement in NO production
  • Blood vessel formation (CAM assay)

Limitations

  • In vitro and in ovo models; no human clinical outcomes reported in the abstract
  • Exposure duration not reported in the abstract
  • Sample sizes and quantitative effect estimates not reported in the abstract
View raw extracted JSON
{
  "study_type": "in_vitro",
  "exposure": {
    "band": "ELF",
    "source": "electromagnetic stimulation (ELF-EMS)",
    "frequency_mhz": null,
    "sar_wkg": null,
    "duration": null
  },
  "population": "Human microvascular endothelial cells (HMEC-1); chicken chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) assay (in ovo)",
  "sample_size": null,
  "outcomes": [
    "Endothelial cell proliferation",
    "Endothelial cell migration",
    "Endothelial cell transmigration",
    "Tube formation",
    "Nitric oxide (NO) production",
    "Calcium involvement in NO production",
    "Blood vessel formation (CAM assay)"
  ],
  "main_findings": "ELF-EMS (13.5 mT at 10 and 60 Hz) increased HMEC-1 proliferation, tube formation, migration and transmigration; transmigration was reported as mediated via nitric oxide (NO). Calcium inhibition decreased ELF-EMF-induced NO production, and ELF-EMS increased blood vessel formation in the CAM assay.",
  "effect_direction": "benefit",
  "limitations": [
    "In vitro and in ovo models; no human clinical outcomes reported in the abstract",
    "Exposure duration not reported in the abstract",
    "Sample sizes and quantitative effect estimates not reported in the abstract"
  ],
  "evidence_strength": "low",
  "confidence": 0.78,
  "peer_reviewed_likely": "yes",
  "keywords": [
    "angiogenesis",
    "extremely low-frequency",
    "ELF-EMS",
    "electromagnetic stimulation",
    "13.5 mT",
    "10 Hz",
    "60 Hz",
    "HMEC-1",
    "endothelial cells",
    "tube formation",
    "migration",
    "nitric oxide",
    "calcium",
    "CAM assay"
  ],
  "suggested_hubs": [
    {
      "slug": "occupational-exposure",
      "weight": 0.1,
      "reason": "Uses ELF electromagnetic fields; however this is a stimulation/biomedical context rather than occupational exposure."
    }
  ]
}
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AI-extracted fields are generated from the abstract and metadata and may be incomplete or incorrect. This material is for informational purposes and is not medical advice.

Identifiers and source

DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines13061490
PubMed: 40564209

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