RF Safe

Regulation of skeletal myogenesis in C2C12 cells through modulation of Pax7, MyoD, and myogenin via different low-frequency electromagnetic field energies.

Technology and health care : official journal of the European Society for Engineering and Medicine · 2022 · Benefit · Low evidence

← Research stream
BenefitLow evidencePaper 5755

LF-EMF at 2.0 mT activated C2C12 cells and upregulated the proliferation-promoting transcription factor PAX7. LF-EMF at 1.5 mT upregulated MyoD and myogenin expression. The authors conclude that different magnetic flux densities exert independent positive eff…

Study snapshot

PublicationTechnology and health care : official journal of the European Society for Engineering and Medicine · 2022
Study typein_vitro
Reported directionBenefit
Evidence ratingLow

Abstract

BACKGROUND: A low-frequency electromagnetic field (LF-EMF) exerts important biological effects on the human body. OBJECTIVE: We previously studied the immunity and atrophy of gastrocnemius muscles in rats with spinal cord injuries and found that LF-EMF with a magnetic flux density of 1.5 mT exerted excellent therapeutic and preventive effects on reducing myotubes and increasing spatium intermusculare. However, the effects of LF-EMF on all stages of skeletal myogenesis, such as activation, proliferation, differentiation, and fusion of satellite cells to myotubes as stimulated by myogenic regulatoryfactors (MRFs), have not been fully elucidated. METHODS: This study investigated the optimal LF-EMF magnetic flux density that exerted maximal effects on all stages of C2C12 cell skeletal myogenesis as well as its impact on regulatory MRFs. RESULTS: The results showed that an LF-EMF with a magnetic flux density of 2.0 mT could activate C2C12 cells and upregulate the proliferation-promoting transcription factor PAX7. On the other hand, 1.5 mT EMF could upregulate the expression of MyoD and myogenin. CONCLUSION: LF-EMF could prevent the disappearance of myotubes, with different magnetic flux densities of LF-EMF exerting independent and positive effects on skeletal myogenesis such as satellite cell activation and proliferation, muscle cell differentiation, and myocyte fusion.

Machine Enhanced Logic

AI evidence extraction

Structured fields below were generated from the paper’s abstract and metadata to make the evidence easier to inspect. Automated extraction may be incomplete or incorrect; verify important details against the original paper.

Study typein_vitro
Effect directionbenefit
PopulationC2C12 cells
Sample sizeNot supplied
ExposureELF
Evidence strengthLowConfidence: 74% · Peer reviewed: yes

Main findings

LF-EMF at 2.0 mT activated C2C12 cells and upregulated the proliferation-promoting transcription factor PAX7. LF-EMF at 1.5 mT upregulated MyoD and myogenin expression. The authors conclude that different magnetic flux densities exert independent positive effects across stages of skeletal myogenesis and may prevent myotube disappearance.

Outcomes measured

  • C2C12 cell activation
  • Satellite cell activation and proliferation markers (Pax7/PAX7)
  • Myogenic differentiation markers (MyoD, myogenin)
  • Myotube disappearance / maintenance
  • Myocyte fusion

Limitations

  • Frequency of the LF-EMF exposure not reported in the abstract
  • Exposure duration and regimen not reported in the abstract
  • Sample size and statistical details not reported in the abstract
  • In vitro model (C2C12 cells), which may not generalize to in vivo or human outcomes
View raw extracted JSON
{
  "study_type": "in_vitro",
  "exposure": {
    "band": "ELF",
    "source": null,
    "frequency_mhz": null,
    "sar_wkg": null,
    "duration": null
  },
  "population": "C2C12 cells",
  "sample_size": null,
  "outcomes": [
    "C2C12 cell activation",
    "Satellite cell activation and proliferation markers (Pax7/PAX7)",
    "Myogenic differentiation markers (MyoD, myogenin)",
    "Myotube disappearance / maintenance",
    "Myocyte fusion"
  ],
  "main_findings": "LF-EMF at 2.0 mT activated C2C12 cells and upregulated the proliferation-promoting transcription factor PAX7. LF-EMF at 1.5 mT upregulated MyoD and myogenin expression. The authors conclude that different magnetic flux densities exert independent positive effects across stages of skeletal myogenesis and may prevent myotube disappearance.",
  "effect_direction": "benefit",
  "limitations": [
    "Frequency of the LF-EMF exposure not reported in the abstract",
    "Exposure duration and regimen not reported in the abstract",
    "Sample size and statistical details not reported in the abstract",
    "In vitro model (C2C12 cells), which may not generalize to in vivo or human outcomes"
  ],
  "evidence_strength": "low",
  "confidence": 0.74,
  "peer_reviewed_likely": "yes",
  "keywords": [
    "low-frequency electromagnetic field",
    "LF-EMF",
    "ELF",
    "magnetic flux density",
    "mT",
    "C2C12",
    "skeletal myogenesis",
    "Pax7",
    "MyoD",
    "myogenin",
    "myotube",
    "satellite cells"
  ],
  "suggested_hubs": []
}
AI can be wrong. Always verify against the paper.

AI-extracted fields are generated from the abstract and metadata and may be incomplete or incorrect. This material is for informational purposes and is not medical advice.

Identifiers and source

DOI: 10.3233/thc-thc228034
PubMed: 35124612

Read the original paper →

Related papers

← Back to the Research Library