Assessment of Human Exposure (Including Interference to Implantable Devices) to Low-Frequency Electromagnetic Field in Modern Microgrids, Power Systems and Electric Transports

2021 · Unclear · Insufficient evidence

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UnclearInsufficient evidencePaper 992

Study snapshot

Publicationmanual · 2021

Study typereview

Reported directionUnclear

Evidence ratingInsufficient

Abstract

Assessment of Human Exposure (Including Interference to Implantable Devices) to Low-Frequency Electromagnetic Field in Modern Microgrids, Power Systems and Electric Transports Andrea Mariscotti. Assessment of Human Exposure (Including Interference to Implantable Devices) to Low- Frequency Electromagnetic Field in Modern Microgrids, Power Systems and Electric Transports. Energies 2021. 14(20): 6789. doi:10.3390/en14206789. Abstract Electromagnetic field emissions of modern power systems have increased in complexity if the many power conversion forms by means of power electronics and static converters are considered. In addition, the installed electric power has grown in many everyday applications such as wireless charging of vehicles, home integrated photovoltaic systems, high-performance electrified transportation systems, and so on. Attention must then be shifted to include harmonics and commutation components on one side, as well as closer interaction with humans, that concretizes in impact on physiological functions and interference to implantable medical devices and hearing aids. The panorama is complex in that standards and regulations have also increased significantly or underwent extensive revisions in the last 10 years or so. For assessment, the straightforward application of the limits of exposure is hindered by measurement problems (time or frequency domain methods, positioning errors, impact of uncertainty) and complex scenarios of exposure (multiple sources, large field gradient, time- varying emissions). This work considers thus both the clarification of the principles of interaction for each affected system (including humans) and the discussion of the large set of related normative and technical documents, deriving a picture of requirements and constraints. The methods of assessment are discussed in a metrological perspective using a range of examples. Open access paper: mdpi.com

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AI evidence extraction

Structured fields below were generated from the paper’s abstract and metadata to make the evidence easier to inspect. Automated extraction may be incomplete or incorrect; verify important details against the original paper.

Study typereview

Effect directionunclear

PopulationHumans (including consideration of interference to implantable medical devices, hearing aids)

Sample sizeNot supplied

ExposureELF

Evidence strengthInsufficientConfidence: 74% · Peer reviewed: yes

Main findings

The paper describes increased complexity of low-frequency EMF emissions in modern power systems and discusses interaction principles (including humans and implantable devices) alongside a broad set of standards/regulations. It notes that straightforward application of exposure limits is hindered by measurement problems and complex exposure scenarios (e.g., multiple sources, large gradients, time-varying emissions), and discusses assessment methods from a metrological perspective with examples.

Outcomes measured

Human exposure to low-frequency electromagnetic fields
Interference to implantable medical devices
Interference to hearing aids
Physiological function impacts (general)
Measurement/assessment methods and uncertainty
Standards/regulations and exposure limits (normative requirements)

Limitations

Narrative review/discussion; no quantitative effect estimates reported in the abstract
No specific exposure metrics (e.g., field strengths, frequencies) or health endpoints quantified in the abstract
No study population size or empirical outcome data described in the abstract

View raw extracted JSON

{
  "study_type": "review",
  "exposure": {
    "band": "ELF",
    "source": "modern microgrids, power systems and electric transports (including power electronics/static converters; examples mentioned include wireless vehicle charging, home PV systems, electrified transportation)",
    "frequency_mhz": null,
    "sar_wkg": null,
    "duration": null
  },
  "population": "Humans (including consideration of interference to implantable medical devices, hearing aids)",
  "sample_size": null,
  "outcomes": [
    "Human exposure to low-frequency electromagnetic fields",
    "Interference to implantable medical devices",
    "Interference to hearing aids",
    "Physiological function impacts (general)",
    "Measurement/assessment methods and uncertainty",
    "Standards/regulations and exposure limits (normative requirements)"
  ],
  "main_findings": "The paper describes increased complexity of low-frequency EMF emissions in modern power systems and discusses interaction principles (including humans and implantable devices) alongside a broad set of standards/regulations. It notes that straightforward application of exposure limits is hindered by measurement problems and complex exposure scenarios (e.g., multiple sources, large gradients, time-varying emissions), and discusses assessment methods from a metrological perspective with examples.",
  "effect_direction": "unclear",
  "limitations": [
    "Narrative review/discussion; no quantitative effect estimates reported in the abstract",
    "No specific exposure metrics (e.g., field strengths, frequencies) or health endpoints quantified in the abstract",
    "No study population size or empirical outcome data described in the abstract"
  ],
  "evidence_strength": "insufficient",
  "confidence": 0.74,
  "peer_reviewed_likely": "yes",
  "keywords": [
    "low-frequency electromagnetic field",
    "ELF",
    "microgrids",
    "power systems",
    "electric transport",
    "power electronics",
    "static converters",
    "wireless charging",
    "photovoltaic systems",
    "implantable medical devices",
    "hearing aids",
    "exposure assessment",
    "metrology",
    "measurement uncertainty",
    "standards",
    "regulations"
  ],
  "suggested_hubs": [
    {
      "slug": "occupational-exposure",
      "weight": 0.42,
      "reason": "Focuses on human exposure assessment in power systems/electric transport contexts where occupational exposure is commonly relevant, though not explicitly stated."
    }
  ]
}

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AI-extracted fields are generated from the abstract and metadata and may be incomplete or incorrect. This material is for informational purposes and is not medical advice.

Identifiers and source

DOI: 10.3390/en14206789
PubMed: Not supplied

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