Electromagnetic fields and nanomagnetic particles increase the osteogenic differentiation of human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells.

International journal of molecular medicine · 2015 · Benefit · Low evidence

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BenefitLow evidencePaper 4653

Study snapshot

PublicationInternational journal of molecular medicine · 2015

Study typein_vitro

Reported directionBenefit

Evidence ratingLow

Abstract

Human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hBM-MSCs) are widely used in a number of cell therapies and have osteogenic differentiation capacity. Exposure to electromagnetic fields (EMFs) increases the osteogenic differentiation of hBM-MSCs. Nanomagnetic particles (MPs) also promote the differentiation potential of stem cells. In the present study, we investigated the effects of EMFs and MPs on the osteogenic differentiation of hBM-MSCs. hBM-MSCs were treated with 50 µg/ml of Fe3O4 MPs or exposed to a frequency of 45 Hz and an intensity of 1 mT EMF twice every 8 h per day for 7 days. MP incorporation, EMF exposure and MP incorporation with exposure to EMFs did not induce cytotoxic effects. A strong expression of osteogenic markers (osteocalcin, osteopontin and osteonectin) and von Kossa staining intensity was observed in the cells treated with MPs, the cells exposed to EMFs and in the cells treated with MPs and exposed to EMFs compared with the control group, as shown by immunohistochemical staining. Quantitative RT-PCR revealed that the mRNA expression levels of osteoblast markers [osteocalcin, osteopontin, osteonectin, collagen Ⅰ, collagen Ⅲ, bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP-2), bone sialoprotein (BSP) and runt-related transcription factor 2 (runx-2)] were markedly increased in the cells treated with MPs and exposed to EMFs. Furthermore, the mRNA expression of calcium channels (CACNA1C, CACNA1E, CACNA1G and CACNA1I) was activated during osteogenic differentiation. The expression levels of osteogenesis-related proteins (BSP, BMP-2, osteopontin and osteonectin) and phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated kinase (p-ERK) were increased in the cells treated with MPs, those exposed to EMFs and in the cells treated with MPs and exposed to EMFs compared with the control group, as shown by western blot analysis. Fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) analysis was performed for the hBM-MSC markers, CD73, CD90 and CD105. The expression levels of hBM-MSC surface antigens were decreased in the cells treated with MPs, those exposed to EMFs and in the cells treated with MPs and exposed to EMFs compared with the control group. The cell numbers were determined to be approximately 3.4 x 10(5) cells in the control group, 3.7 x 10(5) cells in the MP-treated group, 3.1 x 10(5) cells in the group exposed to EMFs and 3.9 x 10(5) cells in the group treated with MPs and exposed to EMFs. The cell mitochondrial activity among the 4 experimental groups was similar. The hBM-MSCs treated with MPs and exposed to EMFs showed an increase in alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity. Taken together, these results suggest that the treatment of hBM-MSCs with MPs or exposure to EMFs increases osteogenic differentiation, and that treatment with MPs in conjunction with EMF exposure is more effective in increasing osteogenic differentiation.

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AI evidence extraction

Structured fields below were generated from the paper’s abstract and metadata to make the evidence easier to inspect. Automated extraction may be incomplete or incorrect; verify important details against the original paper.

Study typein_vitro

Effect directionbenefit

PopulationHuman bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hBM-MSCs)

Sample sizeNot supplied

ExposureELF · twice every 8 h per day for 7 days

Evidence strengthLowConfidence: 78% · Peer reviewed: yes

Main findings

hBM-MSCs exposed to a 45 Hz, 1 mT EMF and/or treated with Fe3O4 nanomagnetic particles showed no cytotoxic effects. Osteogenic differentiation indicators (immunohistochemical osteogenic markers, von Kossa staining, osteoblast-marker mRNA and osteogenesis-related proteins) were increased in EMF-exposed and MP-treated cells versus controls, with combined MP+EMF reported as more effective; ALP activity increased in the combined group.

Outcomes measured

Cytotoxicity
Osteogenic differentiation markers (osteocalcin, osteopontin, osteonectin)
Von Kossa staining intensity
mRNA expression of osteoblast markers (osteocalcin, osteopontin, osteonectin, collagen I, collagen III, BMP-2, BSP, runx-2)
mRNA expression of calcium channels (CACNA1C, CACNA1E, CACNA1G, CACNA1I)
Protein expression (BSP, BMP-2, osteopontin, osteonectin)
Phosphorylated ERK (p-ERK)
hBM-MSC surface antigens (CD73, CD90, CD105)
Cell number
Mitochondrial activity
Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity

Limitations

No sample size or number of experimental replicates reported in the abstract
In vitro study; findings may not generalize to in vivo or clinical outcomes
Exposure parameters beyond frequency/intensity and schedule (e.g., waveform) not described in the abstract

View raw extracted JSON

{
  "study_type": "in_vitro",
  "exposure": {
    "band": "ELF",
    "source": "other",
    "frequency_mhz": null,
    "sar_wkg": null,
    "duration": "twice every 8 h per day for 7 days"
  },
  "population": "Human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hBM-MSCs)",
  "sample_size": null,
  "outcomes": [
    "Cytotoxicity",
    "Osteogenic differentiation markers (osteocalcin, osteopontin, osteonectin)",
    "Von Kossa staining intensity",
    "mRNA expression of osteoblast markers (osteocalcin, osteopontin, osteonectin, collagen I, collagen III, BMP-2, BSP, runx-2)",
    "mRNA expression of calcium channels (CACNA1C, CACNA1E, CACNA1G, CACNA1I)",
    "Protein expression (BSP, BMP-2, osteopontin, osteonectin)",
    "Phosphorylated ERK (p-ERK)",
    "hBM-MSC surface antigens (CD73, CD90, CD105)",
    "Cell number",
    "Mitochondrial activity",
    "Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity"
  ],
  "main_findings": "hBM-MSCs exposed to a 45 Hz, 1 mT EMF and/or treated with Fe3O4 nanomagnetic particles showed no cytotoxic effects. Osteogenic differentiation indicators (immunohistochemical osteogenic markers, von Kossa staining, osteoblast-marker mRNA and osteogenesis-related proteins) were increased in EMF-exposed and MP-treated cells versus controls, with combined MP+EMF reported as more effective; ALP activity increased in the combined group.",
  "effect_direction": "benefit",
  "limitations": [
    "No sample size or number of experimental replicates reported in the abstract",
    "In vitro study; findings may not generalize to in vivo or clinical outcomes",
    "Exposure parameters beyond frequency/intensity and schedule (e.g., waveform) not described in the abstract"
  ],
  "evidence_strength": "low",
  "confidence": 0.78,
  "peer_reviewed_likely": "yes",
  "keywords": [
    "electromagnetic fields",
    "ELF-EMF",
    "45 Hz",
    "1 mT",
    "Fe3O4",
    "nanomagnetic particles",
    "mesenchymal stem cells",
    "osteogenic differentiation",
    "osteoblast markers",
    "ERK",
    "calcium channels"
  ],
  "suggested_hubs": []
}

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AI-extracted fields are generated from the abstract and metadata and may be incomplete or incorrect. This material is for informational purposes and is not medical advice.

Identifiers and source

DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2014.1978
PubMed: 25352086

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