50 Hz electromagnetic field exposure promotes proliferation and cytokine production of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells.
← Research streamCompared with sham, 50 Hz (1 mT, 4 h/day) ELF-EMF exposure increased rBMSC viability, DNA synthesis, and S-phase proportion. In mMSCs, several hematopoietic growth factor/cytokine mRNAs increased (e.g., SCF, M-CSF, TPO, LIF, IL-11, IL-7), while IL-6, SDF-1, I…
Study snapshot
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of extremely low frequency electromagnetic field (ELF-EMF) on the proliferation and cytokine production of mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) and the effects of mesenchymal stem cell conditioned medium (MSC-CM) on the proliferation and migration of macrophagocytes (RAW264.7). METHODS: Bone marrow derived-mesenchymal stem cells (rBMSC) were isolated from rats, cultured and randomly divided into two groups: SHAM group (absence of electromagnetic field exposure) and EMF group. Cells in EMF group were exposed to ELF-EMF (50 Hz, 1 mT, 4 h/d) under sXc-ELF. Mouse mesenchymal stem cells (mMSC) were exposed to EMF for 3 days. RESULTS: The cell viability, DNA synthesis and proportion of cells in S phase in EMF group increased markedly when compared with SHAM group (P<0.05). When compared with SHAM group, the mRNA expressions of M-CSF and SCF increased markedly at 2 days after EMF exposure (P<0.05), the mRNA expressions of SCF, M-CSF, TPO, LIF, IL-11 and IL-7 increased dramatically, but the mRNA expressions of IL-6, SDF-1, IFN-γ and TNF-α remained unchanged (P>0.05) in mMSCs at 3 days after EMF exposure. In EMF group, the viability of RAW264.7 after MSC-CM treatment increased markedly as compared to SHAM group (P<0.05), and the ability to migrate of RAW264.7 after MSC-CM treatment in EMF group also increased significantly when compared with SHAM group (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: EMF is able to promote the proliferation of rBMSCs, up-regulate the expressions of hematopoietic growth factors in rBMSC and mMSC and increase the mMSC induced proliferation and migration of RAW264.7.
AI evidence extraction
Structured fields below were generated from the paper’s abstract and metadata to make the evidence easier to inspect. Automated extraction may be incomplete or incorrect; verify important details against the original paper.
Main findings
Compared with sham, 50 Hz (1 mT, 4 h/day) ELF-EMF exposure increased rBMSC viability, DNA synthesis, and S-phase proportion. In mMSCs, several hematopoietic growth factor/cytokine mRNAs increased (e.g., SCF, M-CSF, TPO, LIF, IL-11, IL-7), while IL-6, SDF-1, IFN-γ and TNF-α were unchanged; conditioned medium from EMF-exposed MSCs increased RAW264.7 viability and migration versus sham-conditioned medium.
Outcomes measured
- Cell viability
- DNA synthesis
- Cell cycle (S phase proportion)
- mRNA expression of cytokines/growth factors (M-CSF, SCF, TPO, LIF, IL-11, IL-7, IL-6, SDF-1, IFN-γ, TNF-α)
- RAW264.7 viability after MSC conditioned medium treatment
- RAW264.7 migration after MSC conditioned medium treatment
Limitations
- Sample size not reported in abstract
- In vitro cell culture study; relevance to in vivo/human outcomes not addressed in abstract
- Exposure system details beyond frequency/intensity/duration not provided in abstract
View raw extracted JSON
{
"study_type": "in_vitro",
"exposure": {
"band": "ELF",
"source": null,
"frequency_mhz": 0.05,
"sar_wkg": null,
"duration": "4 h/d; mouse MSC exposed for 3 days"
},
"population": "Rat bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (rBMSC); mouse mesenchymal stem cells (mMSC); mouse macrophage cell line RAW264.7 (treated with MSC conditioned medium)",
"sample_size": null,
"outcomes": [
"Cell viability",
"DNA synthesis",
"Cell cycle (S phase proportion)",
"mRNA expression of cytokines/growth factors (M-CSF, SCF, TPO, LIF, IL-11, IL-7, IL-6, SDF-1, IFN-γ, TNF-α)",
"RAW264.7 viability after MSC conditioned medium treatment",
"RAW264.7 migration after MSC conditioned medium treatment"
],
"main_findings": "Compared with sham, 50 Hz (1 mT, 4 h/day) ELF-EMF exposure increased rBMSC viability, DNA synthesis, and S-phase proportion. In mMSCs, several hematopoietic growth factor/cytokine mRNAs increased (e.g., SCF, M-CSF, TPO, LIF, IL-11, IL-7), while IL-6, SDF-1, IFN-γ and TNF-α were unchanged; conditioned medium from EMF-exposed MSCs increased RAW264.7 viability and migration versus sham-conditioned medium.",
"effect_direction": "benefit",
"limitations": [
"Sample size not reported in abstract",
"In vitro cell culture study; relevance to in vivo/human outcomes not addressed in abstract",
"Exposure system details beyond frequency/intensity/duration not provided in abstract"
],
"evidence_strength": "low",
"confidence": 0.78,
"peer_reviewed_likely": "yes",
"keywords": [
"extremely low frequency",
"ELF-EMF",
"50 Hz",
"1 mT",
"mesenchymal stem cells",
"bone marrow",
"proliferation",
"cytokines",
"hematopoietic growth factors",
"conditioned medium",
"RAW264.7",
"migration"
],
"suggested_hubs": []
}AI-extracted fields are generated from the abstract and metadata and may be incomplete or incorrect. This material is for informational purposes and is not medical advice.
Identifiers and source
DOI: Not supplied
PubMed: 26221281
Related papers
- The expression of pluripotency and neuronal differentiation markers under the influence of electromagnetic field and nitric oxide. 2017
- Extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields exposure during the prenatal and postnatal periods alters pro-inflammatory cytokines levels by gender 2022
- Magnetic field-induced Ca 2+ intake by mesenchymal stem cells is mediated by intracellular Zn 2+ and accompanied by a Zn 2+ influx 2021
- Effect of low frequency electromagnetic field on the behavior and bioenergetics of the ragworm 2019
- A review on the effects of ELF-EMF on cytokines of innate and adaptive immunity 2018
- The effects of extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields exposure at 1 mT on hemogram and blood biochemistry in rats 2020