Self-organizing maps classification with application to the low-frequency magnetic field emitted by portable computers

2017 · Mixed · Low evidence

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MixedLow evidencePaper 1688

Study snapshot

Publicationmanual · 2017

Study typeexposure_assessment

Reported directionMixed

Evidence ratingLow

Abstract

Self-organizing maps classification with application to the low-frequency magnetic field emitted by portable computers Brodic D, Draganov IR. Self-organizing maps classification with application to the low-frequency magnetic field emitted by portable computers. 2017 3rd International Conference on Applied and Theoretical Computing and Communication Technology (iCATccT). 21-23 Dec. 2017. DOI: 10.1109/ICATCCT.2017.8389155 Abstract This study presents an application of the Self-Organizing-Map method used for the classification of the extremely low-frequency magnetic field emission in the close neighborhood of the portable computers. The experiment is conducted on two different groups of portable computers: (i) laptop and (ii) tablet computers. After measuring their extremely low-frequency magnetic field emission, the Self-Organizing-Map is used for the classification of these results, which authorized the typical emission levels. Some of them are dangerous, because they are far above the valid safety standards' limit. At the end, a discussion is performed on the importance of using the classification as a possible solution for safely use of the portable computers. In this way, it is used to define and reduce the risk of the magnetic field emission negative effects to the portable computer users. Excerpts The measurement experiment includes the ELF magnetic field measurement of 18 different portable computers. 9 out of 18 are laptop computers, while the rest of 9 portable computers are tablet computers .... If we observe Fig. 5, it is quite clear that there is no laptop computer, which is completely safe for the use. Also, we can notice high peaks of the ELF emission at some positions at the surface of the top or bottom areas. These positions are typically linked with the places where are processor, cooler or graphic cards are below inside the laptop computer. These peaks are noticeable in the laptops 7 and 9. On the contrary, the laptops 3,4,6, and 8 are the safest of all tested laptops if we compare them to the other laptop computers at the top measuring positions. Furthermore, if we divide the ELF emission at the top and bottom positions of the laptop computers, then we can notice that higher magnetic field emission is mainly connected to the bottom representing a battery position. However, a similar situation repeats with high level peaks as at the top of the laptop computers. The high peaks are noticeable in the laptops 1, 2, 3,4 and 7. On the contrary, the laptops 8 and 9 have the smallest level of the measured ELF magnetic field emission. Then, if we observe Fig. 6, it is worth noting that Tablet 2 is completely safe for the use. Also, in the contrast to the laptop computers, the tablet computers are not characterized by the high-level ELF magnetic field peaks. It is quite reasonable, because they do not have active coolers and processors of such high processing power like laptop computers. Furthermore, the least safe tablet computers are tablets 1, 3 and 5. Furthermore, if we divide the ELF emission at the top and bottom positions of the tablet computers, then we can notice that mainly higher magnetic field emission is at the top than at the bottom areas of the tablet computers. From this fact, we can conclude that the top protective cover glass (Gorilla glass 3 or 4) can reduce the level of the ELF ieeexplore.ieee.org

Machine Enhanced Logic

AI evidence extraction

Structured fields below were generated from the paper’s abstract and metadata to make the evidence easier to inspect. Automated extraction may be incomplete or incorrect; verify important details against the original paper.

Study typeexposure_assessment

Effect directionmixed

Populationportable computer users (implied)

Sample size18

ExposureELF

Evidence strengthLowConfidence: 74% · Peer reviewed: yes

Main findings

ELF magnetic field emissions were measured for 18 portable computers (9 laptops, 9 tablets) and classified using a Self-Organizing Map to identify typical emission levels. The authors state that some measured emission levels were far above valid safety standards' limits and describe laptops as having higher peaks than tablets, with one tablet described as completely safe for use.

Outcomes measured

Extremely low-frequency (ELF) magnetic field emission levels near portable computers
Classification of emission levels using Self-Organizing Maps
Comparison of emission levels across device types (laptop vs tablet) and measurement positions (top vs bottom)

Limitations

Specific safety standard(s) and numeric limit values are not provided in the abstract/excerpts
No quantitative exposure values (e.g., microtesla) are reported in the provided text
Measurement protocol details (distance, instrumentation, frequency range within ELF, averaging) are not described in the provided text
Health outcomes are not measured; discussion of risk/negative effects is inferential

View raw extracted JSON

{
  "study_type": "exposure_assessment",
  "exposure": {
    "band": "ELF",
    "source": "portable computers (laptops and tablets)",
    "frequency_mhz": null,
    "sar_wkg": null,
    "duration": null
  },
  "population": "portable computer users (implied)",
  "sample_size": 18,
  "outcomes": [
    "Extremely low-frequency (ELF) magnetic field emission levels near portable computers",
    "Classification of emission levels using Self-Organizing Maps",
    "Comparison of emission levels across device types (laptop vs tablet) and measurement positions (top vs bottom)"
  ],
  "main_findings": "ELF magnetic field emissions were measured for 18 portable computers (9 laptops, 9 tablets) and classified using a Self-Organizing Map to identify typical emission levels. The authors state that some measured emission levels were far above valid safety standards' limits and describe laptops as having higher peaks than tablets, with one tablet described as completely safe for use.",
  "effect_direction": "mixed",
  "limitations": [
    "Specific safety standard(s) and numeric limit values are not provided in the abstract/excerpts",
    "No quantitative exposure values (e.g., microtesla) are reported in the provided text",
    "Measurement protocol details (distance, instrumentation, frequency range within ELF, averaging) are not described in the provided text",
    "Health outcomes are not measured; discussion of risk/negative effects is inferential"
  ],
  "evidence_strength": "low",
  "confidence": 0.74,
  "peer_reviewed_likely": "yes",
  "keywords": [
    "self-organizing map",
    "SOM",
    "classification",
    "extremely low-frequency",
    "ELF",
    "magnetic field",
    "portable computers",
    "laptop",
    "tablet",
    "exposure measurement",
    "safety standards"
  ],
  "suggested_hubs": [
    {
      "slug": "occupational-exposure",
      "weight": 0.2,
      "reason": "Study concerns ELF magnetic field exposure assessment near devices; occupational context not specified but exposure assessment may be relevant."
    }
  ]
}

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AI-extracted fields are generated from the abstract and metadata and may be incomplete or incorrect. This material is for informational purposes and is not medical advice.

Identifiers and source

DOI: 10.1109/icatcct.2017.8389155
PubMed: Not supplied

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