Detection of the chemical changes in blood, liver, and brain caused by electromagnetic field exposure using Raman spectroscopy, biochemical assays combined with multivariate analyses

Photodiagnosis and photodynamic therapy · 2022 · Harm · Low evidence

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HarmLow evidencePaper 908

Study snapshot

PublicationPhotodiagnosis and photodynamic therapy · 2022

Study typeanimal

Reported directionHarm

Evidence ratingLow

Abstract

Detection of the chemical changes in blood, liver, and brain caused by electromagnetic field exposure using Raman spectroscopy, biochemical assays combined with multivariate analyses Zozan Guleken, Monika Kula-Maximenko, Joanna Depciuch, Alp Mahmut Kılıç, Devrim Sarıbal. Detection of the chemical changes in blood, liver, and brain caused by electromagnetic field exposure using Raman spectroscopy, biochemical assays combined with multivariate analyses. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther. 2022 Feb 18;102779. doi: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2022.102779. Abstract The effects of the electromagnetic field on living organisms have been studied for several years. In this article, we showed what kind of cold change an extremely low-frequency electromagnetic field (ELF-MF) exposure 500 μT 50 Hz by using a Meritt Coil System causes in the samples of the brain and liver samples. To measure oxidative load, we measured malondialdehyde (MDA) and glutathione (GSH) levels. To identify the chemical changes, we collected Raman spectra of cerebellum, left brain, right brain and liver tissue from the control group of animals and from the animal, which were exposed to an electromagnetic field (ELF-MF group). Obtained results showed that lipid peroxidation was increased and the antioxidant response was decreased. In the brain samples the shift of peaks corresponding to the amide III vibrations existed after ELF-MF exposure. Structural changes were detected in CH2 vibrations originating from lipids in both hemispheres. Additionally, the number of amide III bonds was increased with ELF-MF exposure in the cerebellum and left-brain tissue. In liver tissue higher Raman intensities were visible in the tissues from the ELF-MF group. In this group the electromagnetic field also caused structural changes in lipids. Principal component analysis (PCA) showed, that it is possible to distinguish ELF-MF and control groups. Consequently, hierarchical component analysis (HCA) showed that tissues from ELF-MF and control groups separately created similarity with the groups. Obtained results suggest that the electromagnetic field caused structural and quantitative chemical changes in brain and liver tissue. Additionally, present data suggest that ELF-MF plays an important role in the regulation of enzyme activity and has effects on biochemical processes, possibly improved by production of ROS. pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

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AI evidence extraction

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Study typeanimal

Effect directionharm

PopulationAnimals (brain and liver tissues; blood oxidative markers mentioned)

Sample sizeNot supplied

ExposureELF

Evidence strengthLowConfidence: 78% · Peer reviewed: yes

Main findings

Animals exposed to an extremely low-frequency magnetic field (500 μT, 50 Hz) showed increased lipid peroxidation and decreased antioxidant response (MDA/GSH). Raman spectroscopy indicated peak shifts and structural/quantitative chemical changes in brain and liver tissues (including lipid-related CH2 vibrations and amide III-related features), and multivariate analyses (PCA/HCA) distinguished exposed from control tissues.

Outcomes measured

Malondialdehyde (MDA) levels
Glutathione (GSH) levels
Raman spectroscopy peak shifts (amide III vibrations) in brain regions
Structural changes in CH2 vibrations (lipids) in brain hemispheres
Amide III bond number changes in cerebellum and left brain tissue
Raman intensity changes in liver tissue
Principal component analysis (PCA) group separation
Hierarchical component analysis (HCA) clustering/group similarity

Limitations

Exposure duration not reported in abstract
Sample size not reported in abstract
Animal species/strain and experimental details not reported in abstract
Outcomes are largely biochemical/spectroscopic markers; clinical/functional endpoints not described in abstract

View raw extracted JSON

{
  "study_type": "animal",
  "exposure": {
    "band": "ELF",
    "source": "Meritt Coil System",
    "frequency_mhz": null,
    "sar_wkg": null,
    "duration": null
  },
  "population": "Animals (brain and liver tissues; blood oxidative markers mentioned)",
  "sample_size": null,
  "outcomes": [
    "Malondialdehyde (MDA) levels",
    "Glutathione (GSH) levels",
    "Raman spectroscopy peak shifts (amide III vibrations) in brain regions",
    "Structural changes in CH2 vibrations (lipids) in brain hemispheres",
    "Amide III bond number changes in cerebellum and left brain tissue",
    "Raman intensity changes in liver tissue",
    "Principal component analysis (PCA) group separation",
    "Hierarchical component analysis (HCA) clustering/group similarity"
  ],
  "main_findings": "Animals exposed to an extremely low-frequency magnetic field (500 μT, 50 Hz) showed increased lipid peroxidation and decreased antioxidant response (MDA/GSH). Raman spectroscopy indicated peak shifts and structural/quantitative chemical changes in brain and liver tissues (including lipid-related CH2 vibrations and amide III-related features), and multivariate analyses (PCA/HCA) distinguished exposed from control tissues.",
  "effect_direction": "harm",
  "limitations": [
    "Exposure duration not reported in abstract",
    "Sample size not reported in abstract",
    "Animal species/strain and experimental details not reported in abstract",
    "Outcomes are largely biochemical/spectroscopic markers; clinical/functional endpoints not described in abstract"
  ],
  "evidence_strength": "low",
  "confidence": 0.78,
  "peer_reviewed_likely": "yes",
  "keywords": [
    "extremely low-frequency magnetic field",
    "ELF-MF",
    "50 Hz",
    "500 μT",
    "Meritt coil",
    "Raman spectroscopy",
    "oxidative stress",
    "malondialdehyde",
    "glutathione",
    "brain",
    "liver",
    "lipid peroxidation",
    "PCA",
    "HCA"
  ],
  "suggested_hubs": [
    {
      "slug": "occupational-exposure",
      "weight": 0.2,
      "reason": "Study involves ELF magnetic field exposure (50 Hz), which is relevant to common occupational ELF sources, though this is an animal experiment and not explicitly occupational."
    }
  ]
}

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AI-extracted fields are generated from the abstract and metadata and may be incomplete or incorrect. This material is for informational purposes and is not medical advice.

Identifiers and source

DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2022.102779
PubMed: 35189391

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