4G mobile phone radiation alters some immunogenic and vascular gene expressions, and gross and microscopic and biochemical parameters in the chick embryo model

Veterinary medicine and science · 2023 · Harm · Low evidence

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HarmLow evidencePaper 370

Study snapshot

PublicationVeterinary medicine and science · 2023

Study typeanimal

Reported directionHarm

Evidence ratingLow

Abstract

4G mobile phone radiation alters some immunogenic and vascular gene expressions, and gross and microscopic and biochemical parameters in the chick embryo model Islam MS, Islam MM, Rahman MM, Islam K. 4G mobile phone radiation alters some immunogenic and vascular gene expressions, and gross and microscopic and biochemical parameters in the chick embryo model. Vet Med Sci. 2023 Sep 19. doi: 10.1002/vms3.1273. Abstract Background: The risks to human health have grown over the past 10 years due to the excessive use of mobile phones. Objectives: The study was designed to determine the harmful effects of 4G mobile phone radiation on the expression of immunogenic and vascular genes and gross, microscopic and biochemical alterations in the development of chicken embryos. Methods: Sixty individuals in the exposure group were subjected to mobile phones with a specific absorption rate of 1.4 W/kg and a frequency of 2100 MHz positioned at a distance of 12 cm in the incubator for 60 min/night for 14 days. The histopathological examination involved hematoxylin and eosin staining, whereas cresyl violet staining was used to evaluate the condition and number of neurons in the brain. The biochemical parameters of amniotic fluid were analysed using the photometry method, and the expression of VEGF-A and immunity genes (AvBD9, IL6) was measured using the real-time PCR (qPCR) technique. Results: Compared to the control, the exposure group's body weight and length significantly decreased (p < 0.05). Subcutaneous bleeding was seen in the exposure group. Urea, creatinine, alkaline phosphatase, aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase levels were all significantly higher than in the control group (p < 0.05). The exposed group showed pathological lesions in the liver and degenerated neurons with lightly stained nuclei in the cerebral cortex. Hyperchromatic neurons were significantly higher in the exposure group (58.8 ± 2.28) compared to the control (6.6 ± 0.44) (p < 0.05). 4G exposure reduced lymphocyte count in the caecal tonsil (86.8 ± 5.38) compared to the control (147.2 ± 9.06) (p < 0.05). Vascular gene mRNA expression was higher, but immune gene expression was lower in the exposed group. Conclusion: Exposure to mobile phone radiation may result in gross, microscopic and biochemical changes, as well as alterations in gene expression that could hinder embryonic development. pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

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AI evidence extraction

Structured fields below were generated from the paper’s abstract and metadata to make the evidence easier to inspect. Automated extraction may be incomplete or incorrect; verify important details against the original paper.

Study typeanimal

Effect directionharm

PopulationChicken embryos (chick embryo model)

Sample size60

ExposureRF · 2100 MHz · 1.4 W/kg · 60 min/night for 14 days

Evidence strengthLowConfidence: 78% · Peer reviewed: yes

Main findings

Compared with controls, exposed embryos had significantly decreased body weight and length and showed subcutaneous bleeding. Multiple amniotic fluid biochemical markers (urea, creatinine, alkaline phosphatase, AST, ALT) were significantly higher, with reported liver lesions and neuronal degeneration/hyperchromatic neurons; lymphocyte count in caecal tonsil was reduced. VEGF-A mRNA expression was higher while immune gene expression (AvBD9, IL6) was lower in the exposed group.

Outcomes measured

Body weight and length
Gross findings (e.g., subcutaneous bleeding)
Histopathology (liver lesions)
Brain neuron condition/count (cresyl violet staining; hyperchromatic neurons)
Biochemical parameters in amniotic fluid (urea, creatinine, alkaline phosphatase, AST, ALT)
Lymphocyte count in caecal tonsil
Gene expression (VEGF-A; AvBD9; IL6)

Limitations

Control group size and allocation details not stated in the abstract
Blinding/randomization not described in the abstract
Exposure characterization beyond SAR, frequency, distance, and schedule (e.g., modulation, field measurements) not reported in the abstract
Animal/embryo model limits direct inference to human health

View raw extracted JSON

{
  "study_type": "animal",
  "exposure": {
    "band": "RF",
    "source": "mobile phone",
    "frequency_mhz": 2100,
    "sar_wkg": 1.4,
    "duration": "60 min/night for 14 days"
  },
  "population": "Chicken embryos (chick embryo model)",
  "sample_size": 60,
  "outcomes": [
    "Body weight and length",
    "Gross findings (e.g., subcutaneous bleeding)",
    "Histopathology (liver lesions)",
    "Brain neuron condition/count (cresyl violet staining; hyperchromatic neurons)",
    "Biochemical parameters in amniotic fluid (urea, creatinine, alkaline phosphatase, AST, ALT)",
    "Lymphocyte count in caecal tonsil",
    "Gene expression (VEGF-A; AvBD9; IL6)"
  ],
  "main_findings": "Compared with controls, exposed embryos had significantly decreased body weight and length and showed subcutaneous bleeding. Multiple amniotic fluid biochemical markers (urea, creatinine, alkaline phosphatase, AST, ALT) were significantly higher, with reported liver lesions and neuronal degeneration/hyperchromatic neurons; lymphocyte count in caecal tonsil was reduced. VEGF-A mRNA expression was higher while immune gene expression (AvBD9, IL6) was lower in the exposed group.",
  "effect_direction": "harm",
  "limitations": [
    "Control group size and allocation details not stated in the abstract",
    "Blinding/randomization not described in the abstract",
    "Exposure characterization beyond SAR, frequency, distance, and schedule (e.g., modulation, field measurements) not reported in the abstract",
    "Animal/embryo model limits direct inference to human health"
  ],
  "evidence_strength": "low",
  "confidence": 0.78,
  "peer_reviewed_likely": "yes",
  "keywords": [
    "4G",
    "mobile phone radiation",
    "RF exposure",
    "2100 MHz",
    "SAR 1.4 W/kg",
    "chick embryo",
    "embryonic development",
    "histopathology",
    "amniotic fluid biochemistry",
    "VEGF-A",
    "IL6",
    "AvBD9"
  ],
  "suggested_hubs": []
}

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AI-extracted fields are generated from the abstract and metadata and may be incomplete or incorrect. This material is for informational purposes and is not medical advice.

Identifiers and source

DOI: 10.1002/vms3.1273
PubMed: 37725264

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