Hematobiochemical and histopathological alterations of kidney and testis due to exposure of 4G cell phone radiation in mice

2021 · Harm · Low evidence

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HarmLow evidencePaper 1189

Study snapshot

Publicationmanual · 2021

Study typeanimal

Reported directionHarm

Evidence ratingLow

Abstract

Hematobiochemical and histopathological alterations of kidney and testis due to exposure of 4G cell phone radiation in mice Imam Hasan, Tanjina Amin, Md. Rafiqul Alam, Mohammad Rafiqul Islam. Hematobiochemical and histopathological alterations of kidney and testis due to exposure of 4G cell phone radiation in mice. Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences. Available online 17 February 2021. doi.org. Abstract The radiofrequency electromagnetic radiation emitted by smart phones on biological systems has wide media coverage and public concern in recent years. The aim of this study was to explore the effects of fourth- generation cell phone radiation exposure on hematological (Total leukocyte count, Total erythrocyte count, and hemoglobin %), biochemical (Serum creatinine) parameters, and histopathological changes in the kidney and testis of Swiss albino mice. A total of 30 male Swiss albino mice weighing 45–65 g was randomly divided into three groups (n = 10). The first group A was the control group, the second group B, was exposed to 40 minutes of mobile phone radiation daily, the third group C was exposed to 60 minutes of radiation daily from two 2400 Megahertz fourth-generation connected mobile phones for 60 days, respectively. The electromagnetic radiation frequency radiometer measured the frequency of electromagnetic radiation emitted from cell phones. The specific absorption rate was calculated as 0.087 W/kg. The control group was kept under similar conditions, but the electromagnetic field was not given for the same period. All the mice were sacrificed at the end of the experiment. The blood samples were collected for hematobiochemical study, and then kidney and testis tissues were collected for histopathological study. Results of the study showed that the body weight and total erythrocyte count values were significantly (p < 0.05) decreased while total leukocyte count, hemoglobin %, and serum creatinine values were significantly (p < 0.05) increased in both the radiation exposure groups relative to the control group. Histopathological observation showed the kidney of 60 minutes exposed mice interstitial inflammation that causes marked mononuclear cellular infiltration compared to the 40 minutes and control mice. Compared to control mice, histopathological examinations of testicular tissue from the exposed mice, showed irregular in shapes and non-uniform sizes and fewer spermatogenic cells layer that leads to the larger lumen in the seminiferous tubules. It is concluded that fourth-generation cell phone radiation exposure may affect blood hemostasis and inflammation of mice's kidney and testis tissue. Based on these studies, it is important to increase public consciousness of potential adverse effects of mobile phone radiofrequency electromagnetic radiation exposure. Open access paper: sciencedirect.com

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AI evidence extraction

Structured fields below were generated from the paper’s abstract and metadata to make the evidence easier to inspect. Automated extraction may be incomplete or incorrect; verify important details against the original paper.

Study typeanimal

Effect directionharm

PopulationMale Swiss albino mice

Sample size30

ExposureRF · 2400 MHz · 0.087 W/kg · 40 or 60 minutes daily for 60 days

Evidence strengthLowConfidence: 78% · Peer reviewed: yes

Main findings

Compared with controls, both exposure groups had significantly decreased body weight and total erythrocyte count and significantly increased total leukocyte count, hemoglobin %, and serum creatinine. Histopathology showed kidney interstitial inflammation with marked mononuclear cellular infiltration in the 60-min group, and testicular tissue changes including irregular/non-uniform seminiferous tubules with fewer spermatogenic cell layers and larger lumen in exposed mice.

Outcomes measured

Body weight
Total leukocyte count
Total erythrocyte count
Hemoglobin %
Serum creatinine
Kidney histopathology (interstitial inflammation, mononuclear cellular infiltration)
Testis histopathology (seminiferous tubule changes; spermatogenic cell layer)

Limitations

No details provided in abstract on blinding or randomization procedures beyond group assignment
Exposure characterization limited to frequency measurement and calculated SAR; other dosimetry details not described in abstract
Only male mice studied
Single frequency/source (two 2400 MHz 4G-connected phones) and limited exposure durations

View raw extracted JSON

{
  "study_type": "animal",
  "exposure": {
    "band": "RF",
    "source": "mobile phone",
    "frequency_mhz": 2400,
    "sar_wkg": 0.087,
    "duration": "40 or 60 minutes daily for 60 days"
  },
  "population": "Male Swiss albino mice",
  "sample_size": 30,
  "outcomes": [
    "Body weight",
    "Total leukocyte count",
    "Total erythrocyte count",
    "Hemoglobin %",
    "Serum creatinine",
    "Kidney histopathology (interstitial inflammation, mononuclear cellular infiltration)",
    "Testis histopathology (seminiferous tubule changes; spermatogenic cell layer)"
  ],
  "main_findings": "Compared with controls, both exposure groups had significantly decreased body weight and total erythrocyte count and significantly increased total leukocyte count, hemoglobin %, and serum creatinine. Histopathology showed kidney interstitial inflammation with marked mononuclear cellular infiltration in the 60-min group, and testicular tissue changes including irregular/non-uniform seminiferous tubules with fewer spermatogenic cell layers and larger lumen in exposed mice.",
  "effect_direction": "harm",
  "limitations": [
    "No details provided in abstract on blinding or randomization procedures beyond group assignment",
    "Exposure characterization limited to frequency measurement and calculated SAR; other dosimetry details not described in abstract",
    "Only male mice studied",
    "Single frequency/source (two 2400 MHz 4G-connected phones) and limited exposure durations"
  ],
  "evidence_strength": "low",
  "confidence": 0.78,
  "peer_reviewed_likely": "yes",
  "keywords": [
    "4G",
    "mobile phone radiation",
    "radiofrequency electromagnetic radiation",
    "2400 MHz",
    "SAR",
    "mice",
    "kidney",
    "testis",
    "histopathology",
    "hematology",
    "serum creatinine"
  ],
  "suggested_hubs": [
    {
      "slug": "mobile-phones-rf",
      "weight": 0.9,
      "reason": "Animal study of smartphone/4G RF exposure and biological outcomes."
    }
  ]
}

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AI-extracted fields are generated from the abstract and metadata and may be incomplete or incorrect. This material is for informational purposes and is not medical advice.

Identifiers and source

DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2021.02.028
PubMed: Not supplied

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