FT-IR and FT-Raman studies of cross-linking processes with Ca(2+) ions, glutaraldehyde and microwave radiation for polymer composition of poly(acrylic acid)/sodium salt of carboxymethyl starch--part I.

Spectrochimica acta. Part A, Molecular and biomolecular spectroscopy · 2015 · Unclear · Insufficient evidence

← Research stream

UnclearInsufficient evidencePaper 6556

FT-IR and FT-Raman spectroscopy identified cross-linking mechanisms in PAA/CMS-Na binder produced via Ca(2+) ions, glutaraldehyde, or microwave radiation. Ca(2+) ions were associated with ionic cross-links within carboxyl/carboxylate groups; glutaraldehyde wi…

Study snapshot

PublicationSpectrochimica acta. Part A, Molecular and biomolecular spectroscopy · 2015

Study typeother

Reported directionUnclear

Evidence ratingInsufficient

Abstract

FT-IR and FT-Raman spectroscopic methods allowed to identify the cross-linking process of the aqueous composition of poly(acrylic acid)/sodium salt of carboxymethyl starch (PAA/CMS-Na) applied as a binder for moulding sands. The cross-linking was performed by chemical methods by introducing cross-linking substances with Ca(2+) ions or glutaraldehyde and by physical way, applying the microwave radiation. It was found that Ca(2+) ions cause formation of cross-linking ionic bonds within carboxyl and carboxylate groups. Glutaraldehyde generates formation of cross-linking bonds with hemiacetal and acetal structures. Whereas in the microwave radiation field, due to dehydration, lattices are formed by anhydride bonds.

Machine Enhanced Logic

AI evidence extraction

Structured fields below were generated from the paper’s abstract and metadata to make the evidence easier to inspect. Automated extraction may be incomplete or incorrect; verify important details against the original paper.

Study typeother

Effect directionunclear

PopulationNot supplied

Sample sizeNot supplied

Exposuremicrowave

Evidence strengthInsufficientConfidence: 74% · Peer reviewed: yes

Main findings

Outcomes measured

Polymer cross-linking mechanisms/chemical bond formation in PAA/CMS-Na binder assessed by FT-IR and FT-Raman spectroscopy

Limitations

No microwave exposure parameters (e.g., frequency, power, duration) reported in the abstract
No biological/health outcomes; study concerns material processing and spectroscopy

View raw extracted JSON

{
  "study_type": "other",
  "exposure": {
    "band": "microwave",
    "source": "microwave radiation (used for cross-linking)",
    "frequency_mhz": null,
    "sar_wkg": null,
    "duration": null
  },
  "population": null,
  "sample_size": null,
  "outcomes": [
    "Polymer cross-linking mechanisms/chemical bond formation in PAA/CMS-Na binder assessed by FT-IR and FT-Raman spectroscopy"
  ],
  "main_findings": "FT-IR and FT-Raman spectroscopy identified cross-linking mechanisms in PAA/CMS-Na binder produced via Ca(2+) ions, glutaraldehyde, or microwave radiation. Ca(2+) ions were associated with ionic cross-links within carboxyl/carboxylate groups; glutaraldehyde with hemiacetal/acetal structures; and microwave radiation with dehydration leading to anhydride-bond lattices.",
  "effect_direction": "unclear",
  "limitations": [
    "No microwave exposure parameters (e.g., frequency, power, duration) reported in the abstract",
    "No biological/health outcomes; study concerns material processing and spectroscopy"
  ],
  "evidence_strength": "insufficient",
  "confidence": 0.74,
  "peer_reviewed_likely": "yes",
  "keywords": [
    "FT-IR",
    "FT-Raman",
    "cross-linking",
    "poly(acrylic acid)",
    "carboxymethyl starch",
    "Ca2+",
    "glutaraldehyde",
    "microwave radiation",
    "binder",
    "moulding sands"
  ],
  "suggested_hubs": []
}

AI can be wrong. Always verify against the paper.

AI-extracted fields are generated from the abstract and metadata and may be incomplete or incorrect. This material is for informational purposes and is not medical advice.

Identifiers and source

DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2014.07.031
PubMed: 25123942

Read the original paper →

Related papers

← Back to the Research Library