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Microwave radiation (2450 MHz) alters the endotoxin-induced hypothermic response of rats.

Bioelectromagnetics · 1980 · Mixed · Low evidence

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MixedLow evidencePaper 6057

Endotoxin-injected rats exposed for 90 minutes to 2450 MHz continuous-wave microwaves at 1 mW/cm2 had significantly higher body temperature than endotoxin-treated sham-irradiated rats, with a power-density-related magnitude (10 mW/cm2 > 5 mW/cm2 > 1 mW/cm2). …

Study snapshot

PublicationBioelectromagnetics · 1980
Study typeanimal
Reported directionMixed
Evidence ratingLow

Abstract

The parenteral administration of bacterial endotoxin to rats causes a hypothermia that is maximal after approximately 90 minutes. When endotoxin-injected rats were held in a controlled environment at 22 degree C and 50% relative humidity and exposed for 90 minutes to microwaves (2450 MHz, CW) at 1 mW/cm2, significant increases were observed in body temperature compared with endotoxin-treated, sham-irradiated rats. The magnitude of the response was related to power density (10 mW/cm2 greater than 5 mW/cm2 greater than 1 mW/cm2). Saline-injected rats exposed for 90 minutes at 5 mW/cm2 (specific absorption rate approximately 1.0 mW/g) showed no significant increase in body temperature compared with saline-injected, sham-irradiated rats. The hypothermia induced by endotoxin in rats was also found to be affected by ambient temperature alone. Increases in ambient temperature above 22 degree C in the absence of microwaves caused a concomitant increase in body temperature. This study reveals that subtle microwave heating is detectable in endotoxin-treated rats that have impaired thermoregulatory capability. These results indicate that the interpretation of microwave-induced biological effects observed in animals at comparable rates and levels of energy absorption should include a consideration of the thermogenic potential of microwave.

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AI evidence extraction

Structured fields below were generated from the paper’s abstract and metadata to make the evidence easier to inspect. Automated extraction may be incomplete or incorrect; verify important details against the original paper.

Study typeanimal
Effect directionmixed
PopulationRats
Sample sizeNot supplied
Exposuremicrowave · 2450 MHz · 1 W/kg · 90 minutes
Evidence strengthLowConfidence: 74% · Peer reviewed: yes

Main findings

Endotoxin-injected rats exposed for 90 minutes to 2450 MHz continuous-wave microwaves at 1 mW/cm2 had significantly higher body temperature than endotoxin-treated sham-irradiated rats, with a power-density-related magnitude (10 mW/cm2 > 5 mW/cm2 > 1 mW/cm2). Saline-injected rats exposed for 90 minutes at 5 mW/cm2 (SAR approximately 1.0 mW/g) showed no significant body temperature increase versus saline sham controls.

Outcomes measured

  • Body temperature
  • Endotoxin-induced hypothermic response
  • Thermoregulatory response under controlled ambient conditions

Limitations

  • Sample size not reported in the abstract.
  • Exposure metrics are incomplete (e.g., SAR reported only for one condition; not reported for all power densities).
  • Animal model with endotoxin-induced impaired thermoregulation may limit generalizability to other conditions.
  • Ambient temperature effects are noted as a confounder/important factor, but detailed control/analysis is not provided in the abstract.
View raw extracted JSON
{
  "study_type": "animal",
  "exposure": {
    "band": "microwave",
    "source": null,
    "frequency_mhz": 2450,
    "sar_wkg": 1,
    "duration": "90 minutes"
  },
  "population": "Rats",
  "sample_size": null,
  "outcomes": [
    "Body temperature",
    "Endotoxin-induced hypothermic response",
    "Thermoregulatory response under controlled ambient conditions"
  ],
  "main_findings": "Endotoxin-injected rats exposed for 90 minutes to 2450 MHz continuous-wave microwaves at 1 mW/cm2 had significantly higher body temperature than endotoxin-treated sham-irradiated rats, with a power-density-related magnitude (10 mW/cm2 > 5 mW/cm2 > 1 mW/cm2). Saline-injected rats exposed for 90 minutes at 5 mW/cm2 (SAR approximately 1.0 mW/g) showed no significant body temperature increase versus saline sham controls.",
  "effect_direction": "mixed",
  "limitations": [
    "Sample size not reported in the abstract.",
    "Exposure metrics are incomplete (e.g., SAR reported only for one condition; not reported for all power densities).",
    "Animal model with endotoxin-induced impaired thermoregulation may limit generalizability to other conditions.",
    "Ambient temperature effects are noted as a confounder/important factor, but detailed control/analysis is not provided in the abstract."
  ],
  "evidence_strength": "low",
  "confidence": 0.74,
  "peer_reviewed_likely": "yes",
  "keywords": [
    "microwave radiation",
    "2450 MHz",
    "continuous wave",
    "power density",
    "specific absorption rate",
    "rats",
    "endotoxin",
    "hypothermia",
    "thermoregulation",
    "heating"
  ],
  "suggested_hubs": []
}
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AI-extracted fields are generated from the abstract and metadata and may be incomplete or incorrect. This material is for informational purposes and is not medical advice.

Identifiers and source

DOI: 10.1002/bem.2250010402
PubMed: 7284032

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