Electromagnetic Field Influence on the Bioavailability and Accumulation of Ketoprofen.

AAPS PharmSciTech · 2025 · Mixed · Low evidence

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MixedLow evidencePaper 5882

Study snapshot

PublicationAAPS PharmSciTech · 2025

Study typein_vitro

Reported directionMixed

Evidence ratingLow

Abstract

The growing interest in transdermal drug delivery systems has led to the exploration of novel methods to enhance skin permeability and drug bioavailability. In this study, the effects of various electromagnetic fields (EMF) configurations on the physicochemical properties and transdermal performance of ketoprofen, a commonly used nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug, were investigated. Ketoprofen samples were exposed for 8 hours to oscillating, pulsed, static (positive and negative polarity), and rotating magnetic fields. Subsequent analyses included FTIR spectroscopy, XRD, thermal stability, aqueous solubility, lipophilicity (log P), skin permeability (measured using Franz diffusion cells), and accumulation in porcine skin. The results showed that, while the molecular structure of ketoprofen remained unchanged, exposure to a magnetic field induced subtle changes in the crystal structure, thermal behaviour, solubility, and lipophilicity properties. Among all tested conditions, pulsed magnetic fields (particularly PMF 10/10) and rotating fields (RMF 50 Hz) significantly improved both transdermal permeation and dermal accumulation. These enhancements correlated with increased solubility, suggesting that EMFs may modulate molecular interactions with biological barriers. In contrast, static fields with negative polarity reduced the transport and retention of drugs in skin tissue. This study confirms the potential of electromagnetic stimulation as a non-invasive and effective strategy for enhancing the dermal delivery of poorly permeable active substances, such as ketoprofen. Optimization of EMF parameters may provide a promising direction for the development of advanced transdermal drug delivery systems.

Machine Enhanced Logic

AI evidence extraction

Structured fields below were generated from the paper’s abstract and metadata to make the evidence easier to inspect. Automated extraction may be incomplete or incorrect; verify important details against the original paper.

Study typein_vitro

Effect directionmixed

PopulationPorcine skin (Franz diffusion cell transdermal model) and ketoprofen samples

Sample sizeNot supplied

Exposure8 hours

Evidence strengthLowConfidence: 74% · Peer reviewed: yes

Main findings

Ketoprofen molecular structure was unchanged after exposure, but magnetic field exposure produced subtle changes in crystal structure, thermal behaviour, solubility, and lipophilicity. Pulsed magnetic fields (especially PMF 10/10) and rotating magnetic fields (RMF 50 Hz) significantly increased transdermal permeation and dermal accumulation, while static fields with negative polarity reduced transport and retention in skin.

Outcomes measured

Ketoprofen molecular structure (FTIR)
Crystal structure (XRD)
Thermal stability/behaviour
Aqueous solubility
Lipophilicity (log P)
Skin permeability/transdermal permeation (Franz diffusion cells)
Accumulation/retention in porcine skin

Limitations

Sample size not reported in abstract
Exposure intensity/field strength not reported in abstract
Study uses porcine skin/in vitro diffusion model; human clinical relevance not established in abstract

View raw extracted JSON

{
  "study_type": "in_vitro",
  "exposure": {
    "band": null,
    "source": "magnetic field exposure (oscillating, pulsed, static positive/negative polarity, rotating)",
    "frequency_mhz": null,
    "sar_wkg": null,
    "duration": "8 hours"
  },
  "population": "Porcine skin (Franz diffusion cell transdermal model) and ketoprofen samples",
  "sample_size": null,
  "outcomes": [
    "Ketoprofen molecular structure (FTIR)",
    "Crystal structure (XRD)",
    "Thermal stability/behaviour",
    "Aqueous solubility",
    "Lipophilicity (log P)",
    "Skin permeability/transdermal permeation (Franz diffusion cells)",
    "Accumulation/retention in porcine skin"
  ],
  "main_findings": "Ketoprofen molecular structure was unchanged after exposure, but magnetic field exposure produced subtle changes in crystal structure, thermal behaviour, solubility, and lipophilicity. Pulsed magnetic fields (especially PMF 10/10) and rotating magnetic fields (RMF 50 Hz) significantly increased transdermal permeation and dermal accumulation, while static fields with negative polarity reduced transport and retention in skin.",
  "effect_direction": "mixed",
  "limitations": [
    "Sample size not reported in abstract",
    "Exposure intensity/field strength not reported in abstract",
    "Study uses porcine skin/in vitro diffusion model; human clinical relevance not established in abstract"
  ],
  "evidence_strength": "low",
  "confidence": 0.74,
  "peer_reviewed_likely": "yes",
  "keywords": [
    "ketoprofen",
    "transdermal drug delivery",
    "magnetic fields",
    "pulsed magnetic field",
    "rotating magnetic field",
    "static magnetic field",
    "skin permeability",
    "Franz diffusion cells",
    "porcine skin",
    "solubility",
    "lipophilicity",
    "XRD",
    "FTIR"
  ],
  "suggested_hubs": []
}

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AI-extracted fields are generated from the abstract and metadata and may be incomplete or incorrect. This material is for informational purposes and is not medical advice.

Identifiers and source

DOI: 10.1208/s12249-025-03216-2
PubMed: 40830739

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