Extremely low-frequency electromagnetic field (ELF-EMF) induced alterations in gene expression and cytokine secretion in clear cell renal carcinoma cells.
← Research streamPrimary tumor-derived ccRCC cell lines (but not metastatic-derived) showed expression of a gene that increased after ELF-EMF exposure. A statistically significant reduction in another gene’s expression was observed in 769-P cells after exposure, while a third…
Study snapshot
Abstract
BACKGROUND: The study aimed to investigate the influence of extremely low-frequency electromagnetic fields (ELF-EMF) on clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) by assessing alterations in gene expression and the secretion of cytokines and chemokines. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Three ccRCC cell lines (786-O, 769-P, and CAKI-1) and a healthy HEK293 cell line were subjected to ELF-EMF exposure (frequency 50 Hz, magnetic field strength 4.5 mT) for 30 min daily for 5 days. The study examined the expression of , , and genes, along with the secretion of 30 cytokines and chemokines. RESULTS: Notably, primary tumor-derived cell lines, but not those from metastatic sites, exhibited gene expression, which increased following ELF-EMF exposure. A statistically significant reduction in gene expression was observed in 769-P cells after ELF-EMF exposure. Additionally, gene expression was upregulated in HEK293, 769-P, and 786-O cells, representing normal embryonic kidney cells and primary tumor cells, but not in CAKI-1 cells, which model metastatic sites. After EMF exposure, there was a statistically significant decrease in transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) concentration in the cell culture supernatants of HEK293 and CAKI-1 cell lines, with no other significant changes in the secretion of tested cytokines. CONCLUSIONS: Given the study's findings and available research, caution is warranted when drawing conclusions about the potential inhibitory effect of ELF-EMF on ccRCC progression. Standardization of experimental models is imperative when assessing the effects of EMF in a human context. Med Pr Work Health Saf. 2024;75(2):133-141.
AI evidence extraction
Structured fields below were generated from the paper’s abstract and metadata to make the evidence easier to inspect. Automated extraction may be incomplete or incorrect; verify important details against the original paper.
Main findings
Primary tumor-derived ccRCC cell lines (but not metastatic-derived) showed expression of a gene that increased after ELF-EMF exposure. A statistically significant reduction in another gene’s expression was observed in 769-P cells after exposure, while a third gene was upregulated in HEK293, 769-P, and 786-O but not in CAKI-1. After exposure, TGF-β1 concentration significantly decreased in HEK293 and CAKI-1 supernatants, with no other significant cytokine/chemokine secretion changes reported.
Outcomes measured
- Gene expression changes (unspecified genes; includes at least three genes assessed)
- Cytokine/chemokine secretion (30 analytes)
- TGF-β1 concentration in culture supernatant
Limitations
- Specific gene names are not provided in the abstract (placeholders shown).
- In vitro cell-line model; human health implications are uncertain.
- Exposure regimen limited to 50 Hz, 4.5 mT, 30 min/day for 5 days.
- Most cytokines/chemokines showed no significant changes; findings may be limited in scope.
View raw extracted JSON
{
"study_type": "in_vitro",
"exposure": {
"band": "ELF",
"source": null,
"frequency_mhz": 5e-05,
"sar_wkg": null,
"duration": "30 min daily for 5 days"
},
"population": "Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) cell lines (786-O, 769-P, CAKI-1) and healthy HEK293 cell line",
"sample_size": null,
"outcomes": [
"Gene expression changes (unspecified genes; includes at least three genes assessed)",
"Cytokine/chemokine secretion (30 analytes)",
"TGF-β1 concentration in culture supernatant"
],
"main_findings": "Primary tumor-derived ccRCC cell lines (but not metastatic-derived) showed expression of a gene that increased after ELF-EMF exposure. A statistically significant reduction in another gene’s expression was observed in 769-P cells after exposure, while a third gene was upregulated in HEK293, 769-P, and 786-O but not in CAKI-1. After exposure, TGF-β1 concentration significantly decreased in HEK293 and CAKI-1 supernatants, with no other significant cytokine/chemokine secretion changes reported.",
"effect_direction": "mixed",
"limitations": [
"Specific gene names are not provided in the abstract (placeholders shown).",
"In vitro cell-line model; human health implications are uncertain.",
"Exposure regimen limited to 50 Hz, 4.5 mT, 30 min/day for 5 days.",
"Most cytokines/chemokines showed no significant changes; findings may be limited in scope."
],
"evidence_strength": "low",
"confidence": 0.74,
"peer_reviewed_likely": "yes",
"keywords": [
"ELF-EMF",
"50 Hz",
"4.5 mT",
"clear cell renal cell carcinoma",
"ccRCC",
"786-O",
"769-P",
"CAKI-1",
"HEK293",
"gene expression",
"cytokines",
"chemokines",
"TGF-β1"
],
"suggested_hubs": []
}AI-extracted fields are generated from the abstract and metadata and may be incomplete or incorrect. This material is for informational purposes and is not medical advice.
Identifiers and source
DOI: 10.13075/mp.5893.01476
PubMed: 38717134