The Influence of the Extremely Low Frequency Electromagnetic Field on Clear Cell Renal Carcinoma

2021 · Mixed · Low evidence

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MixedLow evidencePaper 1205

Study snapshot

Publicationmanual · 2021

Study typein_vitro

Reported directionMixed

Evidence ratingLow

Abstract

The Influence of the Extremely Low Frequency Electromagnetic Field on Clear Cell Renal Carcinoma Cios A, Ciepielak M, Stankiewicz W, Szymański Ł. The Influence of the Extremely Low Frequency Electromagnetic Field on Clear Cell Renal Carcinoma. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2021; 22(3):1342. doi.org. Abstract The development of new technologies and industry is conducive to the increase in the number and variety of electromagnetic field (EMF) sources in our environment. The main sources of EMF are high-voltage lines, household appliances, audio/video devices, mobile phones, radio stations, and radar devices. In the growing use of electronic devices, scientists are increasingly interested in the effects of EMF on human health. Even though many studies on the effects of EMF have already been carried out, none of them has shown a significant effect on mammals, including humans. Moreover, it is not entirely clear how EMF influences cell behavior. The International Agency for Research on Cancer on 31 May 2011, classified PEM as a possible carcinogenic factor. This study aimed to investigate the effect of the electromagnetic field on morphological and functional changes in clear cell renal carcinoma. The research was carried out on in vitro cultures of four cell lines: HEK293, 786-O 769-P, and Caki1. The results of the research showed that the EMF of low frequency had a slight effect on the viability of cells. EMF, which induced cell arrest in the G1 phase, increased the number of early apoptotic cells and decreased the number of viable cells in the 786-O line. EMF did not affect the proliferation and viability of HEK293 cells. Extreme low-frequency EMF (ELF-EMF) also showed an inhibitory effect on the migration and metastatic properties of clear cell kidney cancer cells. Moreover, shortly after the end of ELF-EMF exposure, significant increases in ROS levels were observed in all tested cell lines. As part of the work, it was shown that low-frequency EMF shows an inhibitory effect on the proliferation of primary cancer cells, diminishing their migratory, invasive, and metastatic abilities. It also increases the apoptosis of cancer cells and the amount of reactive oxygen species. Based on the results of our research, we want to point up that the effect of ELF-EMF depends on a specific metabolic state or at a specific stage in the cell cycle of the cells under study Open access paper: mdpi.com

Machine Enhanced Logic

AI evidence extraction

Structured fields below were generated from the paper’s abstract and metadata to make the evidence easier to inspect. Automated extraction may be incomplete or incorrect; verify important details against the original paper.

Study typein_vitro

Effect directionmixed

PopulationNot supplied

Sample size4

ExposureELF

Evidence strengthLowConfidence: 74% · Peer reviewed: yes

Main findings

In vitro exposure to low-frequency/ELF-EMF had a slight effect on cell viability overall, with cell line-specific effects. In 786-O cells, ELF-EMF induced G1 arrest, increased early apoptosis, and decreased viable cells; HEK293 proliferation and viability were not affected. ELF-EMF inhibited migration and metastatic properties of clear cell kidney cancer cells, and ROS levels increased in all tested cell lines shortly after exposure ended.

Outcomes measured

cell viability
cell cycle arrest (G1 phase)
apoptosis (early apoptotic cells)
cell proliferation
cell migration
invasive/metastatic properties
reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels

Limitations

In vitro study using cell lines; findings may not translate to humans or in vivo tumors.
Exposure parameters (e.g., frequency, intensity, duration) are not provided in the abstract.
Effects varied by cell line/metabolic state or cell-cycle stage, limiting generalizability.

View raw extracted JSON

{
  "study_type": "in_vitro",
  "exposure": {
    "band": "ELF",
    "source": null,
    "frequency_mhz": null,
    "sar_wkg": null,
    "duration": null
  },
  "population": null,
  "sample_size": 4,
  "outcomes": [
    "cell viability",
    "cell cycle arrest (G1 phase)",
    "apoptosis (early apoptotic cells)",
    "cell proliferation",
    "cell migration",
    "invasive/metastatic properties",
    "reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels"
  ],
  "main_findings": "In vitro exposure to low-frequency/ELF-EMF had a slight effect on cell viability overall, with cell line-specific effects. In 786-O cells, ELF-EMF induced G1 arrest, increased early apoptosis, and decreased viable cells; HEK293 proliferation and viability were not affected. ELF-EMF inhibited migration and metastatic properties of clear cell kidney cancer cells, and ROS levels increased in all tested cell lines shortly after exposure ended.",
  "effect_direction": "mixed",
  "limitations": [
    "In vitro study using cell lines; findings may not translate to humans or in vivo tumors.",
    "Exposure parameters (e.g., frequency, intensity, duration) are not provided in the abstract.",
    "Effects varied by cell line/metabolic state or cell-cycle stage, limiting generalizability."
  ],
  "evidence_strength": "low",
  "confidence": 0.74,
  "peer_reviewed_likely": "yes",
  "keywords": [
    "extremely low frequency",
    "ELF-EMF",
    "electromagnetic field",
    "clear cell renal carcinoma",
    "kidney cancer",
    "cell lines",
    "HEK293",
    "786-O",
    "769-P",
    "Caki1",
    "apoptosis",
    "ROS",
    "migration",
    "metastasis"
  ],
  "suggested_hubs": [
    {
      "slug": "elF-emf",
      "weight": 0.9,
      "reason": "Study explicitly investigates extremely low frequency (ELF) electromagnetic field effects."
    }
  ]
}

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AI-extracted fields are generated from the abstract and metadata and may be incomplete or incorrect. This material is for informational purposes and is not medical advice.

Identifiers and source

DOI: 10.3390/ijms22031342
PubMed: Not supplied

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