Effect of extremely low frequency (ELF) magnetic field exposure on morphological and biophysical properties of human lymphoid cell line (Raji).

{
  "study_type": "in_vitro",
  "exposure": {
    "band": "ELF",
    "source": null,
    "frequency_mhz": 0.05,
    "sar_wkg": null,
    "duration": "72 h"
  },
  "population": "Human B lymphoid cell line (Raji)",
  "sample_size": null,
  "outcomes": [
    "Membrane fluidity (Laurdan emission spectroscopy; DPH fluorescence polarization)",
    "Cytoskeletal organization",
    "Plasma membrane morphology (microvilli; SEM)",
    "Actin distribution (phalloidin fluorescence)",
    "Protein phosphorylation"
  ],
  "main_findings": "Raji cells exposed for 72 h to a 50 Hz, 2 mT (rms) sinusoidal magnetic field showed decreased membrane fluidity, reorganization of cytoskeletal components, and loss of microvilli on SEM with altered actin distribution. The authors also report evidence that exposure can interfere with protein phosphorylation.",
  "effect_direction": "harm",
  "limitations": [
    "In vitro cell line model; findings may not generalize to in vivo human health outcomes",
    "Sample size not reported in abstract",
    "Exposure conditions limited to 50 Hz, 2 mT, 72 h"
  ],
  "evidence_strength": "low",
  "confidence": 0.78,
  "peer_reviewed_likely": "yes",
  "keywords": [
    "extremely low frequency",
    "ELF",
    "magnetic field",
    "50 Hz",
    "2 mT",
    "Raji cells",
    "B lymphoid cell line",
    "membrane fluidity",
    "Laurdan",
    "DPH fluorescence polarization",
    "cytoskeleton",
    "microvilli",
    "scanning electron microscopy",
    "actin",
    "phalloidin",
    "protein phosphorylation"
  ],
  "suggested_hubs": [
    {
      "slug": "occupational-exposure",
      "weight": 0.2,
      "reason": "Study involves ELF magnetic field exposure (50 Hz), relevant to some occupational ELF contexts, though this is an in vitro model."
    }
  ]
}