Effects of long-term pre- and post-natal exposure to 2.45 GHz wireless devices on developing male rat kidney.

Renal failure · 2016 · Harm · Low evidence

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HarmLow evidencePaper 4876

Study snapshot

PublicationRenal failure · 2016

Study typeanimal

Reported directionHarm

Evidence ratingLow

Abstract

PURPOSE: The aim of the present study was to investigate oxidative stress and apoptosis in kidney tissues of male Wistar rats that pre- and postnatally exposed to wireless electromagnetic field (EMF) with an internet frequency of 2.45 GHz for a long time. METHODS: The study was conducted in three groups of rats which were pre-natal, post-natal. and sham exposed groups. Oxidative stress markers and histological evaluation of kidney tissues were studied. RESULTS: Renal tissue malondialdehyde (MDA) and total oxidant (TOS) levels of pre-natal group were high and total antioxidant (TAS) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels were low. Spot urine NAG/creatinine ratio was significantly higher in pre- and post-natal groups (p < 0.001). Tubular injury was detected in most of the specimens in post-natal groups. Immunohistochemical analysis showed low-intensity staining with Bax in cortex, high-intensity staining with Bcl-2 in cortical and medullar areas of pre-natal group (p values, 0.000, 0.002, 0.000, respectively) when compared with sham group. Bcl2/Bax staining intensity ratios of medullar and cortical area was higher in pre-natal group than sham group (p = 0.018, p = 0.011). CONCLUSION: Based on this study, it is thought that chronic pre- and post-natal period exposure to wireless internet frequency of EMF may cause chronic kidney damages; staying away from EMF source in especially pregnancy and early childhood period may reduce negative effects of exposure on kidney.

Machine Enhanced Logic

AI evidence extraction

Structured fields below were generated from the paper’s abstract and metadata to make the evidence easier to inspect. Automated extraction may be incomplete or incorrect; verify important details against the original paper.

Study typeanimal

Effect directionharm

PopulationMale Wistar rats (kidney tissue; pre- and post-natal exposure)

Sample sizeNot supplied

ExposureRF · 2450 MHz · long time; chronic pre- and post-natal exposure

Evidence strengthLowConfidence: 74% · Peer reviewed: yes

Main findings

Compared with sham, the pre-natal exposure group had higher renal tissue MDA and TOS and lower TAS and SOD. Spot urine NAG/creatinine ratio was significantly higher in both pre- and post-natal exposure groups (p<0.001), and tubular injury was detected in most specimens in the post-natal group. Immunohistochemistry showed altered Bax and Bcl-2 staining and higher Bcl2/Bax ratios in the pre-natal group versus sham.

Outcomes measured

Kidney oxidative stress markers (MDA, TOS, TAS, SOD)
Urine NAG/creatinine ratio
Histological kidney injury (tubular injury)
Apoptosis-related immunohistochemistry (Bax, Bcl-2, Bcl2/Bax ratio)

Limitations

Sample size not reported in abstract
Exposure metrics beyond frequency (e.g., SAR, field strength) not reported in abstract
Details of exposure duration/timing and randomization/blinding not reported in abstract

View raw extracted JSON

{
  "study_type": "animal",
  "exposure": {
    "band": "RF",
    "source": "wireless devices",
    "frequency_mhz": 2450,
    "sar_wkg": null,
    "duration": "long time; chronic pre- and post-natal exposure"
  },
  "population": "Male Wistar rats (kidney tissue; pre- and post-natal exposure)",
  "sample_size": null,
  "outcomes": [
    "Kidney oxidative stress markers (MDA, TOS, TAS, SOD)",
    "Urine NAG/creatinine ratio",
    "Histological kidney injury (tubular injury)",
    "Apoptosis-related immunohistochemistry (Bax, Bcl-2, Bcl2/Bax ratio)"
  ],
  "main_findings": "Compared with sham, the pre-natal exposure group had higher renal tissue MDA and TOS and lower TAS and SOD. Spot urine NAG/creatinine ratio was significantly higher in both pre- and post-natal exposure groups (p<0.001), and tubular injury was detected in most specimens in the post-natal group. Immunohistochemistry showed altered Bax and Bcl-2 staining and higher Bcl2/Bax ratios in the pre-natal group versus sham.",
  "effect_direction": "harm",
  "limitations": [
    "Sample size not reported in abstract",
    "Exposure metrics beyond frequency (e.g., SAR, field strength) not reported in abstract",
    "Details of exposure duration/timing and randomization/blinding not reported in abstract"
  ],
  "evidence_strength": "low",
  "confidence": 0.74,
  "peer_reviewed_likely": "yes",
  "keywords": [
    "2.45 GHz",
    "Wi-Fi",
    "wireless EMF",
    "prenatal exposure",
    "postnatal exposure",
    "rat",
    "kidney",
    "oxidative stress",
    "MDA",
    "TOS",
    "TAS",
    "SOD",
    "NAG/creatinine",
    "tubular injury",
    "apoptosis",
    "Bax",
    "Bcl-2"
  ],
  "suggested_hubs": []
}

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AI-extracted fields are generated from the abstract and metadata and may be incomplete or incorrect. This material is for informational purposes and is not medical advice.

Identifiers and source

DOI: 10.3109/0886022x.2016.1148937
PubMed: 26905323

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