Variations of glutamate concentration within synaptic cleft in the presence of electromagnetic fields: an artificial neural networks study.

Neurochemical research · 2015 · Mixed · Very low evidence

← Research stream

MixedVery low evidencePaper 4800

Study snapshot

PublicationNeurochemical research · 2015

Study typein_vitro

Reported directionMixed

Evidence ratingVery low

Abstract

Glutamate is an excitatory neurotransmitter that is released by the majority of central nervous system synapses and is involved in developmental processes, cognitive functions, learning and memory. Excessive elevated concentrations of Glu in synaptic cleft results in neural cell apoptosis which is called excitotoxicity causing neurodegenerative diseases. Hence, we investigated the possibility of extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields (ELF-EMF) as a risk factor which is able to change Glu concentration in synaptic clef. Synaptosomes as a model of nervous terminal were exposed to ELF-EMF for 15-55 min in flux intensity range from 0.1 to 2 mT and frequency range from 50 to 230 Hz. Finally, all raw data by INForm v4.02 software as an artificial neural network program was analyzed to predict the effect of whole mentioned range spectra. The results showed the tolerance of all effects between the ranges from -35 to +40 % compared to normal state when glutamatergic systems exposed to ELF-EMF. It indicates that glutamatergic system attempts to compensate environmental changes though release or reuptake in order to keep the system safe. Regarding to the wide range of ELF-EMF acquired in this study, the obtained outcomes have potential for developing treatments based on ELF-EMF for some neurological diseases; however, in vivo experiments on the cross linking responses between glutamatergic and cholinergic systems in the presence of ELF-EMF would be needed.

Machine Enhanced Logic

AI evidence extraction

Structured fields below were generated from the paper’s abstract and metadata to make the evidence easier to inspect. Automated extraction may be incomplete or incorrect; verify important details against the original paper.

Study typein_vitro

Effect directionmixed

PopulationSynaptosomes (model of nervous terminal)

Sample sizeNot supplied

ExposureELF · 15–55 min

Evidence strengthVery lowConfidence: 74% · Peer reviewed: yes

Main findings

Synaptosomes were exposed to ELF-EMF (0.1–2 mT; 50–230 Hz) for 15–55 minutes and analyzed with an artificial neural network program (INForm v4.02) to predict effects across the exposure ranges. Reported effects on glutamate concentration were within a tolerance range of approximately −35% to +40% compared with normal state, interpreted by the authors as compensatory release/reuptake responses.

Outcomes measured

Glutamate (Glu) concentration within synaptic cleft (percent change vs normal state)

Limitations

In vitro synaptosome model; findings may not generalize to in vivo nervous system responses
No sample size reported in the abstract
Outcome reporting is summarized as a broad tolerance range rather than specific condition-by-condition results
Artificial neural network prediction approach described, but validation/performance details are not provided in the abstract

View raw extracted JSON

{
  "study_type": "in_vitro",
  "exposure": {
    "band": "ELF",
    "source": null,
    "frequency_mhz": null,
    "sar_wkg": null,
    "duration": "15–55 min"
  },
  "population": "Synaptosomes (model of nervous terminal)",
  "sample_size": null,
  "outcomes": [
    "Glutamate (Glu) concentration within synaptic cleft (percent change vs normal state)"
  ],
  "main_findings": "Synaptosomes were exposed to ELF-EMF (0.1–2 mT; 50–230 Hz) for 15–55 minutes and analyzed with an artificial neural network program (INForm v4.02) to predict effects across the exposure ranges. Reported effects on glutamate concentration were within a tolerance range of approximately −35% to +40% compared with normal state, interpreted by the authors as compensatory release/reuptake responses.",
  "effect_direction": "mixed",
  "limitations": [
    "In vitro synaptosome model; findings may not generalize to in vivo nervous system responses",
    "No sample size reported in the abstract",
    "Outcome reporting is summarized as a broad tolerance range rather than specific condition-by-condition results",
    "Artificial neural network prediction approach described, but validation/performance details are not provided in the abstract"
  ],
  "evidence_strength": "very_low",
  "confidence": 0.74,
  "peer_reviewed_likely": "yes",
  "keywords": [
    "extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields",
    "ELF-EMF",
    "synaptosomes",
    "glutamate",
    "synaptic cleft",
    "excitotoxicity",
    "artificial neural network",
    "INForm v4.02",
    "magnetic flux density",
    "50–230 Hz",
    "0.1–2 mT"
  ],
  "suggested_hubs": []
}

AI can be wrong. Always verify against the paper.

AI-extracted fields are generated from the abstract and metadata and may be incomplete or incorrect. This material is for informational purposes and is not medical advice.

Identifiers and source

DOI: 10.1007/s11064-014-1509-6
PubMed: 25577979

Read the original paper →

Related papers

← Back to the Research Library