Suppressive effect of electromagnetic field on analgesic activity of tramadol in rats.

Polish journal of veterinary sciences · 2012 · Mixed · Low evidence

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MixedLow evidencePaper 4515

Study snapshot

PublicationPolish journal of veterinary sciences · 2012

Study typeanimal

Reported directionMixed

Evidence ratingLow

Abstract

The electromagnetic fields (EMFs) have been shown to alter animal and human behavior, such as directional orientation, learning, pain perception (nociception or analgesia) and anxiety-related behaviors. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of electromagnetic fields of high-frequency microwaves on pain perception and anti-nociceptive activity of tramadol (TRAM) - analgetic effective in the treatment of moderate to severe acute and chronic pain states. Electromagnetic fields exposures of a)1500 MHz frequency and b) modulated, 1800 MHz (which is identical to that generated by mobile phones) were applied. Paw withdrawal latency (PWL) to thermal stimulus was measured in vehicle or tramadol (TRAM) treated animals before and after 30, 60 and 90 minutes from injections. The differences in the level of pain (PWL) between control group and rats exposed to EMF alone in three measurements, were not observed. Tramadol alone significantly increased PWLs to thermal stimulus in comparison to vehicle results at 30 (p < 0.001) and 60 minutes (p < 0.05) after drug injection. EMF exposure of both frequencies transiently suppressed analgesic effect of tramadol, significantly reducing paw withdrawal latency in animals treated with this drug at 30 minutes from the drug injection.

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AI evidence extraction

Structured fields below were generated from the paper’s abstract and metadata to make the evidence easier to inspect. Automated extraction may be incomplete or incorrect; verify important details against the original paper.

Study typeanimal

Effect directionmixed

Populationrats

Sample sizeNot supplied

Exposuremicrowave

Evidence strengthLowConfidence: 78% · Peer reviewed: yes

Main findings

Exposure to high-frequency microwave EMF at 1500 MHz and modulated 1800 MHz did not change paw withdrawal latency compared with controls when EMF was applied alone. Tramadol increased paw withdrawal latency at 30 and 60 minutes after injection, but EMF exposure at both frequencies transiently suppressed tramadol’s analgesic effect, significantly reducing paw withdrawal latency at 30 minutes in tramadol-treated rats.

Outcomes measured

pain perception (paw withdrawal latency to thermal stimulus)
analgesic (anti-nociceptive) activity of tramadol

Limitations

Sample size not reported in abstract.
Exposure duration and intensity (e.g., SAR) not reported in abstract.
Details of randomization/blinding and experimental controls not reported in abstract.

View raw extracted JSON

{
  "study_type": "animal",
  "exposure": {
    "band": "microwave",
    "source": "mobile phone",
    "frequency_mhz": null,
    "sar_wkg": null,
    "duration": null
  },
  "population": "rats",
  "sample_size": null,
  "outcomes": [
    "pain perception (paw withdrawal latency to thermal stimulus)",
    "analgesic (anti-nociceptive) activity of tramadol"
  ],
  "main_findings": "Exposure to high-frequency microwave EMF at 1500 MHz and modulated 1800 MHz did not change paw withdrawal latency compared with controls when EMF was applied alone. Tramadol increased paw withdrawal latency at 30 and 60 minutes after injection, but EMF exposure at both frequencies transiently suppressed tramadol’s analgesic effect, significantly reducing paw withdrawal latency at 30 minutes in tramadol-treated rats.",
  "effect_direction": "mixed",
  "limitations": [
    "Sample size not reported in abstract.",
    "Exposure duration and intensity (e.g., SAR) not reported in abstract.",
    "Details of randomization/blinding and experimental controls not reported in abstract."
  ],
  "evidence_strength": "low",
  "confidence": 0.78,
  "peer_reviewed_likely": "yes",
  "keywords": [
    "electromagnetic field",
    "microwave",
    "1500 MHz",
    "1800 MHz",
    "mobile phone",
    "tramadol",
    "analgesia",
    "nociception",
    "paw withdrawal latency",
    "rats"
  ],
  "suggested_hubs": [
    {
      "slug": "mobile-phones-rf",
      "weight": 0.9,
      "reason": "Includes modulated 1800 MHz exposure described as identical to that generated by mobile phones."
    }
  ]
}

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AI-extracted fields are generated from the abstract and metadata and may be incomplete or incorrect. This material is for informational purposes and is not medical advice.

Identifiers and source

DOI: 10.2478/v10181-011-0119-3
PubMed: 22708363

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