[Modulated extremely high frequency electromagnetic radiation of low intensity activates or inhibits respiratory burst in neutrophils depending on modulation frequency].

Biofizika · 1997 · Mixed · Low evidence

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MixedLow evidencePaper 4164

Study snapshot

PublicationBiofizika · 1997

Study typeanimal

Reported directionMixed

Evidence ratingLow

Abstract

The influence of low-intensity modulated electromagnetic radiation of extremely high frequencies (EHF EMR) on synergistic reaction of calcium ionophore A23187 and phorbol ester PMA in activation of the respiratory burst of the peritoneal neutrophils of mice line NMRI was investigated. The production of reactive oxygen species by the neutrophils was estimated by luminol-dependent chemiluminescence technique. The cells were irradiated in the far field zone of the channel radiator for 20 min in the presence of A23187 and then were activated by PMA after switching off the irradiation. It was shown, that continuous EHF EMR (50 microW/cm2) inhibited quasi-resonantly the synergistic reaction. The maximum effect was about 25% at carrier frequency of 41.95 GHz. Modulated radiation with carrier frequency of 41.95 GHz and modulation frequency of 1 Hz activated the synergistic reaction, but at modulation frequencies of 0.1, 16 and 50 Hz inhibited one. At fixed modulation frequency of 1 Hz the nonlinear dependence of the effect on the carrier frequency was found. The synergistic reaction was activated in the frequency range of 41.95-42.05 GHz and was inhibited at the frequencies of 41.8-41.9 GHz. The effect was observed only at raised intracellular free calcium concentration and at calcium fluxes through plasma membrane. The obtained results prove the possibility of control over cell functioning by low-intensity modulated EHF EMR, presumably, manipulating by connected systems of enzyme reactions.

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AI evidence extraction

Structured fields below were generated from the paper’s abstract and metadata to make the evidence easier to inspect. Automated extraction may be incomplete or incorrect; verify important details against the original paper.

Study typeanimal

Effect directionmixed

PopulationPeritoneal neutrophils from NMRI mice (in vitro/ex vivo cell preparation)

Sample sizeNot supplied

ExposuremmWave · 41950 MHz · 20 min

Evidence strengthLowConfidence: 74% · Peer reviewed: yes

Main findings

Low-intensity EHF electromagnetic radiation affected the synergistic activation of respiratory burst in mouse peritoneal neutrophils in a frequency- and modulation-dependent manner. Continuous EHF EMR (50 microW/cm2) inhibited the synergistic reaction with a maximum effect of about 25% at a carrier frequency of 41.95 GHz. With a 41.95 GHz carrier, 1 Hz modulation activated the reaction, while 0.1, 16, and 50 Hz modulation inhibited it; at 1 Hz modulation, activation occurred at 41.95–42.05 GHz and inhibition at 41.8–41.9 GHz.

Outcomes measured

Respiratory burst / reactive oxygen species production (luminol-dependent chemiluminescence)
Synergistic activation response to calcium ionophore A23187 + PMA

Limitations

Sample size not reported in abstract
Study conducted in mouse neutrophils (cell preparation), limiting direct human relevance
Exposure metric reported as power density (microW/cm2); SAR not provided
Details of randomization/blinding and experimental replication not provided in abstract

View raw extracted JSON

{
  "study_type": "animal",
  "exposure": {
    "band": "mmWave",
    "source": "other",
    "frequency_mhz": 41950,
    "sar_wkg": null,
    "duration": "20 min"
  },
  "population": "Peritoneal neutrophils from NMRI mice (in vitro/ex vivo cell preparation)",
  "sample_size": null,
  "outcomes": [
    "Respiratory burst / reactive oxygen species production (luminol-dependent chemiluminescence)",
    "Synergistic activation response to calcium ionophore A23187 + PMA"
  ],
  "main_findings": "Low-intensity EHF electromagnetic radiation affected the synergistic activation of respiratory burst in mouse peritoneal neutrophils in a frequency- and modulation-dependent manner. Continuous EHF EMR (50 microW/cm2) inhibited the synergistic reaction with a maximum effect of about 25% at a carrier frequency of 41.95 GHz. With a 41.95 GHz carrier, 1 Hz modulation activated the reaction, while 0.1, 16, and 50 Hz modulation inhibited it; at 1 Hz modulation, activation occurred at 41.95–42.05 GHz and inhibition at 41.8–41.9 GHz.",
  "effect_direction": "mixed",
  "limitations": [
    "Sample size not reported in abstract",
    "Study conducted in mouse neutrophils (cell preparation), limiting direct human relevance",
    "Exposure metric reported as power density (microW/cm2); SAR not provided",
    "Details of randomization/blinding and experimental replication not provided in abstract"
  ],
  "evidence_strength": "low",
  "confidence": 0.74,
  "peer_reviewed_likely": "yes",
  "keywords": [
    "extremely high frequency",
    "EHF",
    "millimeter wave",
    "modulated electromagnetic radiation",
    "41.95 GHz",
    "power density 50 microW/cm2",
    "neutrophils",
    "respiratory burst",
    "reactive oxygen species",
    "chemiluminescence",
    "A23187",
    "PMA",
    "calcium dependence"
  ],
  "suggested_hubs": [
    {
      "slug": "mmwave-bioeffects",
      "weight": 0.9,
      "reason": "Examines biological effects of low-intensity EHF/mmWave exposure around 42 GHz with modulation-dependent outcomes."
    }
  ]
}

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AI-extracted fields are generated from the abstract and metadata and may be incomplete or incorrect. This material is for informational purposes and is not medical advice.

Identifiers and source

DOI: Not supplied
PubMed: 9410041

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