Electromagnetic interference to infusion pumps. Update2008 from GSM mobile phones.

{
  "study_type": "engineering",
  "exposure": {
    "band": "RF",
    "source": "mobile phone / DECT phone / WiFi terminal",
    "frequency_mhz": null,
    "sar_wkg": null,
    "duration": null
  },
  "population": null,
  "sample_size": null,
  "outcomes": [
    "Electromagnetic interference (EMI) to infusion pumps",
    "False alarm buzzing",
    "Block of infusion",
    "Rate of failure compared with 2005 survey"
  ],
  "main_findings": "Compared with results from a 2005 survey, the observed rate of infusion pump failure with GSM phone exposure decreased from 58% to 30%. The authors report that WiFi and DECT use did not pose a real risk to infusion systems.",
  "effect_direction": "mixed",
  "limitations": [
    "No sample size reported in abstract",
    "No exposure metrics (frequency, distance, power/SAR, duration) reported in abstract",
    "Methods and testing conditions not described in abstract",
    "Outcome definitions and statistical analysis not described in abstract"
  ],
  "evidence_strength": "low",
  "confidence": 0.74,
  "peer_reviewed_likely": "yes",
  "keywords": [
    "electromagnetic interference",
    "EMI",
    "infusion pumps",
    "critical care medical devices",
    "GSM",
    "mobile phones",
    "DECT",
    "WiFi"
  ],
  "suggested_hubs": [
    {
      "slug": "school-wi-fi",
      "weight": 0.2,
      "reason": "Includes WiFi terminals as an exposure source, though in a medical device EMI context rather than schools."
    },
    {
      "slug": "who-icnirp",
      "weight": 0.1,
      "reason": "General RF exposure/EMI topic; no explicit WHO/ICNIRP mention in abstract."
    }
  ]
}