Electromagnetic Interference in the Modern Era: Concerns, Trends, and Nanomaterial-Based Solutions

Nanomaterials (Basel) · 2025 · Unclear · Insufficient evidence

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UnclearInsufficient evidencePaper 2521

Study snapshot

PublicationNanomaterials (Basel) · 2025

Study typereview

Reported directionUnclear

Evidence ratingInsufficient

Abstract

Category: Materials Science, Electromagnetic Safety Institution: Not specified Tags: electromagnetic interference, EMI, nanomaterials, human health risk, carbon-based materials, shielding, electronic safety DOI: 10.3390/nano15201558 URL: mdpi.com Overview Electromagnetic interference (EMI) represents a growing challenge in the modern era, as electronic systems and wireless technologies become increasingly integrated into daily life. This review provides a comprehensive overview of EMI, beginning with its historical evolution over centuries, from early power transmission systems and industrial machinery to today's complex environment shaped by IoT, 5G, smart devices, and autonomous technologies. Findings - Examines diverse sources of EMI and their wide-ranging effects - Highlights disruptions in electrical and medical devices - Describes ecological impacts on wildlife - Discusses potential risks to human health from EMI exposure - Explores the economic impact and rapid expansion of the global shielding materials market The study further addresses preventative strategies, particularly focusing on advanced materials. Carbon-based nanomaterials—including graphene, carbon nanotubes, and carbon foams—are identified as promising solutions due to their exceptional conductivity, mechanical strength, tunable structure, and environmental sustainability. Conclusion The paper unites perspectives on EMI's origins, consequences, market dynamics, and mitigation strategies, underscoring the urgent need for scalable, high-performance, and eco-friendly shielding approaches. Special attention is given to recent advances in carbon-based nanomaterials, which are poised to play a transformative role in ensuring the safety, reliability, and sustainability of future electronic technologies.

Machine Enhanced Logic

AI evidence extraction

Structured fields below were generated from the paper’s abstract and metadata to make the evidence easier to inspect. Automated extraction may be incomplete or incorrect; verify important details against the original paper.

Study typereview

Effect directionunclear

PopulationNot supplied

Sample sizeNot supplied

ExposureNot supplied

Evidence strengthInsufficientConfidence: 74% · Peer reviewed: yes

Main findings

This review summarizes historical and modern sources of electromagnetic interference (including contexts such as IoT and 5G) and describes associated impacts, including disruption of electrical and medical devices, ecological impacts on wildlife, and potential risks to human health. It highlights preventative strategies focused on shielding, identifying carbon-based nanomaterials (graphene, carbon nanotubes, carbon foams) as promising materials for scalable, high-performance, eco-friendly EMI shielding.

Outcomes measured

electromagnetic interference sources and effects
disruptions in electrical devices
disruptions in medical devices
ecological impacts on wildlife
potential risks to human health from EMI exposure
economic impact and shielding materials market expansion
EMI mitigation via shielding materials (carbon-based nanomaterials: graphene, carbon nanotubes, carbon foams)

View raw extracted JSON

{
  "study_type": "review",
  "exposure": {
    "band": null,
    "source": "electromagnetic interference (EMI) from electronic systems and wireless technologies (e.g., IoT, 5G, smart devices, autonomous technologies)",
    "frequency_mhz": null,
    "sar_wkg": null,
    "duration": null
  },
  "population": null,
  "sample_size": null,
  "outcomes": [
    "electromagnetic interference sources and effects",
    "disruptions in electrical devices",
    "disruptions in medical devices",
    "ecological impacts on wildlife",
    "potential risks to human health from EMI exposure",
    "economic impact and shielding materials market expansion",
    "EMI mitigation via shielding materials (carbon-based nanomaterials: graphene, carbon nanotubes, carbon foams)"
  ],
  "main_findings": "This review summarizes historical and modern sources of electromagnetic interference (including contexts such as IoT and 5G) and describes associated impacts, including disruption of electrical and medical devices, ecological impacts on wildlife, and potential risks to human health. It highlights preventative strategies focused on shielding, identifying carbon-based nanomaterials (graphene, carbon nanotubes, carbon foams) as promising materials for scalable, high-performance, eco-friendly EMI shielding.",
  "effect_direction": "unclear",
  "limitations": [],
  "evidence_strength": "insufficient",
  "confidence": 0.74,
  "peer_reviewed_likely": "yes",
  "keywords": [
    "electromagnetic interference",
    "EMI",
    "nanomaterials",
    "carbon-based materials",
    "graphene",
    "carbon nanotubes",
    "carbon foams",
    "shielding",
    "human health risk",
    "electronic safety",
    "IoT",
    "5G",
    "wireless technologies"
  ],
  "suggested_hubs": [
    {
      "slug": "5g-policy",
      "weight": 0.22,
      "reason": "Mentions 5G as part of the modern EMI environment, though the focus is broad EMI and shielding materials rather than 5G health policy."
    }
  ]
}

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AI-extracted fields are generated from the abstract and metadata and may be incomplete or incorrect. This material is for informational purposes and is not medical advice.

Identifiers and source

DOI: 10.3390/nano15201558
PubMed: Not supplied

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