Antitumor effect of static and ELF MF against nephroblastoma and neuroblastoma

2018 · Benefit · Low evidence

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BenefitLow evidencePaper 2128

Study snapshot

Publicationmanual · 2018

Study typeanimal

Reported directionBenefit

Evidence ratingLow

Abstract

Antitumor effect of static and ELF MF against nephroblastoma and neuroblastoma Yuan LQ, Wang C, Zhu K, Li HM, Gu WZ, Zhou DM, Lai JQ, Zhou D, Lv Y, Tofani S, Chen X. The antitumor effect of static and extremely low frequency magnetic fields against nephroblastoma and neuroblastoma. Bioelectromagnetics. 2018 May 2. doi: 10.1002/bem.22124. Abstract Certain magnetic fields (MF) have potential therapeutic antitumor effect whereas the underlying mechanism remains undefined. In this study, a well-characterized MF was applied to two common childhood malignancies, nephroblastoma and neuroblastoma. This MF has a time-averaged total intensity of 5.1 militesla (mT), and was generated as a superimposition of a static and an extremely low frequency (ELF) MF in 50 Hertz (Hz). In nephroblastoma and neuroblastoma cell lines including G401, CHLA255, and N2a, after MF exposure of 2 h per day, the cell viability decreased significantly after 2 days. After 3 days, inhibition rates of 17-22% were achieved in these cell lines. Furthermore, the inhibition rate was positively associated with exposure time. On the other hand, when using static MF only while maintaining the same time-averaged intensity of 5.1 mT, the inhibition rate was decreased. Thus, both time and combination of ELF field were positively associated with the inhibitory effect of this MF. Exposure to the field decreased cell proliferation and induced apoptosis. Combinational use of MF together with chemotherapeutics cisplatin (DDP) was performed in both in vitro and in vivo experiments. In cell lines, combinational treatment further increased the inhibition rate compared with single use of either DDP or MF. In G401 nephroblastoma tumor model in nude mice, combination of MF and DDP resulted in significant decrease of tumor mass, and the side effect was limited in mild liver injury. MF exposure by itself did not hamper liver or kidney functions. In summary, the antitumor effect of an established MF against neuroblastoma and nephroblastoma is reported, and this field has the potential to be used in combination with DDP to achieve increased efficacy and reduce side effects in these two childhood malignancies. ncbi.nlm.nih.gov Radio Frequency Radiation 5G wireless telecommunications expansion: Public health and environmental implications Russell CL. 5G wireless telecommunications expansion: Public health and environmental implications. Environmental Research. Available online 11 April 2018. in press. doi.org Abstract The popularity, widespread use and increasing dependency on wireless technologies has spawned a telecommunications industrial revolution with increasing public exposure to broader and higher frequencies of the electromagnetic spectrum to transmit data through a variety of devices and infrastructure. On the horizon, a new generation of even shorter high frequency 5G wavelengths is being proposed to power the Internet of Things (IoT). The IoT promises us convenient and easy lifestyles with a massive 5G interconnected telecommunications network, however, the expansion of broadband with shorter wavelength radiofrequency radiation highlights the concern that health and safety issues remain unknown. Controversy continues with regards to harm from current 2G, 3G and 4G wireless technologies. 5G technologies are far less studied for human or environmental effects. It is argued that the addition of this added high frequency 5G radiation to an already complex mix of lower frequencies, will contribute to a negative public health outcome both from both physical and mental health perspectives. Radiofrequency radiation (RF) is increasingly being recognized as a new form of environmental pollution. Like other common toxic exposures, the effects of radiofrequency electromagnetic radiation (RF EMR) will be problematic if not impossible to sort out epidemiologically as there no longer remains an unexposed control group. This is especially important considering these effects are likely magnified by synergistic toxic exposures and other common health risk behaviors. Effects can also be non-linear. Because this is the first generation to have cradle-to-grave lifespan exposure to this level of man-made microwave (RF EMR) radiofrequencies, it will be years or decades before the true health consequences are known. Precaution in the roll out of this new technology is strongly indicated. This article will review relevant electromagnetic frequencies, exposure standards and current scientific literature on the health implications of 2G, 3G, 4G exposure, including some of the available literature on 5G frequencies. The question of what constitutes a public health issue will be raised, as well as the need for a precautionary approach in advancing new wireless technologies. Conclusion Although 5G technology may have many unimagined uses and benefits, it is also increasingly clear that significant negative consequences to human health and ecosystems could occur if it is widely adopted. Current radiofrequency radiation wavelengths we are exposed to appear to act as a toxin to biological systems. A moratorium on the deployment of 5G is warranted, along with development of independent health and environmental advisory boards that include independent scientists who research biological effects and exposure levels of radiofrequency radiation. Sound regulatory policy regarding current and future telecommunications initiative will require more careful assessment of risks to human health, environmental health, public safety, privacy, security and social consequences. Public health regulations need to be updated to match appropriate independent science with the adoption of biologically based exposure standards prior to further deployment of 4G or 5G technology. Considering the current science, lack of relevant exposure standards based on known biological effects and data gaps in research, we need to reduce our exposure to RF EMR where ever technically feasible. Laws or policies which restrict the full integrity of science and the scientific community with regards to health and environmental effects of wireless technologies or other toxic exposures should be changed to enable unbiased, objective and precautionary science to drive necessary public policies and regulation. Climate change, fracking, toxic emissions and microwave radiation from wireless devices all have something in common with smoking. There is much denial and confusion about health and environmental risks, along with industry insistence for absolute proof before regulatory action occurs (Frentzel-Beyme, 1994; Michaels 2008). There are many lessons we have not learned with the introduction of novel substances, which later became precarious environmental pollutants by not heeding warning signs from scientists (Gee, 2009). The threats of these common pollutants continue to weigh heavily on the health and wellbeing of our nation. We now accept them as the price of progress. If we do not take precautions but wait for unquestioned proof of harm will it be too late at that point for some or all of us? sciencedirect.com More information about 5G: Physicians for Safe Technology Scientists and Doctors Demand Moratorium on 5G 5G Wireless Technology: Is 5G Harmful to Our Health? 5G Wireless Technology: Millimeter Wave Health Effects 5G Wireless Technology: Cutting Through the Hype

Machine Enhanced Logic

AI evidence extraction

Structured fields below were generated from the paper’s abstract and metadata to make the evidence easier to inspect. Automated extraction may be incomplete or incorrect; verify important details against the original paper.

Study typeanimal

Effect directionbenefit

PopulationNephroblastoma and neuroblastoma models: cell lines (G401, CHLA255, N2a) and a G401 nephroblastoma tumor model in nude mice

Sample sizeNot supplied

ExposureELF · 2 h per day (cell lines); 2–3 days reported for in vitro effects (in vivo duration not stated)

Evidence strengthLowConfidence: 74% · Peer reviewed: yes

Main findings

A magnetic field (time-averaged total intensity 5.1 mT) generated by superimposition of a static field and a 50 Hz ELF magnetic field reduced viability in nephroblastoma and neuroblastoma cell lines after 2 days, with 17–22% inhibition after 3 days; inhibition increased with exposure time. Static-only exposure at the same time-averaged intensity produced a lower inhibition rate. The field decreased proliferation and induced apoptosis. In vitro, combining the magnetic field with cisplatin increased inhibition versus either treatment alone; in a G401 nude mouse tumor model, the combination significantly decreased tumor mass with mild liver injury, and magnetic field exposure alone did not hamper liver or kidney functions.

Outcomes measured

Cell viability
Tumor cell growth inhibition rate
Cell proliferation
Apoptosis
Tumor mass (nude mouse model)
Liver injury/toxicity
Liver function
Kidney function
Combination effect with cisplatin (DDP)

Limitations

Sample sizes not reported in the abstract
In vivo exposure regimen/duration not described in the abstract
Mechanism stated as undefined

View raw extracted JSON

{
  "study_type": "animal",
  "exposure": {
    "band": "ELF",
    "source": "other",
    "frequency_mhz": null,
    "sar_wkg": null,
    "duration": "2 h per day (cell lines); 2–3 days reported for in vitro effects (in vivo duration not stated)"
  },
  "population": "Nephroblastoma and neuroblastoma models: cell lines (G401, CHLA255, N2a) and a G401 nephroblastoma tumor model in nude mice",
  "sample_size": null,
  "outcomes": [
    "Cell viability",
    "Tumor cell growth inhibition rate",
    "Cell proliferation",
    "Apoptosis",
    "Tumor mass (nude mouse model)",
    "Liver injury/toxicity",
    "Liver function",
    "Kidney function",
    "Combination effect with cisplatin (DDP)"
  ],
  "main_findings": "A magnetic field (time-averaged total intensity 5.1 mT) generated by superimposition of a static field and a 50 Hz ELF magnetic field reduced viability in nephroblastoma and neuroblastoma cell lines after 2 days, with 17–22% inhibition after 3 days; inhibition increased with exposure time. Static-only exposure at the same time-averaged intensity produced a lower inhibition rate. The field decreased proliferation and induced apoptosis. In vitro, combining the magnetic field with cisplatin increased inhibition versus either treatment alone; in a G401 nude mouse tumor model, the combination significantly decreased tumor mass with mild liver injury, and magnetic field exposure alone did not hamper liver or kidney functions.",
  "effect_direction": "benefit",
  "limitations": [
    "Sample sizes not reported in the abstract",
    "In vivo exposure regimen/duration not described in the abstract",
    "Mechanism stated as undefined"
  ],
  "evidence_strength": "low",
  "confidence": 0.74,
  "peer_reviewed_likely": "yes",
  "keywords": [
    "static magnetic field",
    "extremely low frequency",
    "50 Hz",
    "5.1 mT",
    "nephroblastoma",
    "neuroblastoma",
    "G401",
    "CHLA255",
    "N2a",
    "cisplatin",
    "DDP",
    "apoptosis",
    "cell proliferation",
    "nude mice"
  ],
  "suggested_hubs": [
    {
      "slug": "elf-static-magnetic-fields",
      "weight": 0.9,
      "reason": "Study tests a superimposed static + 50 Hz ELF magnetic field (5.1 mT) in vitro and in vivo."
    }
  ]
}

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AI-extracted fields are generated from the abstract and metadata and may be incomplete or incorrect. This material is for informational purposes and is not medical advice.

Identifiers and source

DOI: 10.1002/bem.22124
PubMed: Not supplied

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