Temperature induced in human organs due to near-field and far-field electromagnetic exposure effects

2018 · Mixed · Low evidence

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MixedLow evidencePaper 2117

Study snapshot

Publicationmanual · 2018

Study typeengineering

Reported directionMixed

Evidence ratingLow

Abstract

Temperature induced in human organs due to near-field and far-field electromagnetic exposure effects Wessapan T, Rattanadech P. Temperature induced in human organs due to near-field and far-field electromagnetic exposure effects. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer. 119:65-76. April 2018. Highlights • The field radiation pattern and the operating frequency significantly influence the temperature distribution in each organ. • The testis temperature increases are lower than the thresholds for the induction of infertility for both 900 and 1800 MHz. • For distances less than 2 m, the SAR values are higher than the general public exposure limit of ICNIRP. Abstract The main biological effect from exposure to electromagnetic (EM) radiation is a temperature rise in the human body and its sensitive organs, which results from absorbing electromagnetic field (EMF) power. EM near-field and far-field sources, which have different operating frequencies and exposure distances, result in different EMF distribution patterns and EMF power absorptions by the human body. Actually, the severity of the physiological effect can occur with small temperature increases in the sensitive organs. However, the EM absorption characteristics and the temperature increase distribution resulting from different field radiation patterns from EM sources are not well established. To adequately explain the biological effects that are associated with the EMF energy absorption, a systematic study of different EMF distribution patterns and how they interact with body tissue is needed. This study considers the computationally determined specific absorption rate (SAR) and the heat transfer in a heterogeneous human torso model with internal organs exposed to near-field and far-field EM radiations at different frequencies. The electric field, SAR, and the temperature distributions in various organs during exposure to EMFs are obtained through the numerical simulation of EM wave propagation and an unsteady bioheat transfer model. The findings indicate that the field radiation pattern and the operating frequency of an EM source significantly influence the electric field, the SAR, and the temperature distribution in each organ. Moreover, the tissue's dielectric properties also affect the temperature distribution patterns within the body tissue. These findings enable researchers to more accurately determine the exposure limits for the power output of wireless transmitters, and the distance that they should remain from the humans. sciencedirect.com

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AI evidence extraction

Structured fields below were generated from the paper’s abstract and metadata to make the evidence easier to inspect. Automated extraction may be incomplete or incorrect; verify important details against the original paper.

Study typeengineering

Effect directionmixed

PopulationNot supplied

Sample sizeNot supplied

ExposureRF

Evidence strengthLowConfidence: 74% · Peer reviewed: yes

Main findings

Numerical simulations in a heterogeneous human torso model found that radiation pattern and operating frequency significantly influence electric field, SAR, and temperature distributions across organs. The highlights state that testis temperature increases were below thresholds for induction of infertility at 900 and 1800 MHz, and that for distances <2 m SAR values exceeded the ICNIRP general public exposure limit.

Outcomes measured

specific absorption rate (SAR)
temperature rise/temperature distribution in organs
electric field distribution

Limitations

Computational/numerical simulation study (no direct human measurements reported).
Exposure source types, power levels, and detailed scenarios are not fully specified in the provided abstract.

View raw extracted JSON

{
  "study_type": "engineering",
  "exposure": {
    "band": "RF",
    "source": null,
    "frequency_mhz": null,
    "sar_wkg": null,
    "duration": null
  },
  "population": null,
  "sample_size": null,
  "outcomes": [
    "specific absorption rate (SAR)",
    "temperature rise/temperature distribution in organs",
    "electric field distribution"
  ],
  "main_findings": "Numerical simulations in a heterogeneous human torso model found that radiation pattern and operating frequency significantly influence electric field, SAR, and temperature distributions across organs. The highlights state that testis temperature increases were below thresholds for induction of infertility at 900 and 1800 MHz, and that for distances <2 m SAR values exceeded the ICNIRP general public exposure limit.",
  "effect_direction": "mixed",
  "limitations": [
    "Computational/numerical simulation study (no direct human measurements reported).",
    "Exposure source types, power levels, and detailed scenarios are not fully specified in the provided abstract."
  ],
  "evidence_strength": "low",
  "confidence": 0.74,
  "peer_reviewed_likely": "yes",
  "keywords": [
    "near-field exposure",
    "far-field exposure",
    "RF EMF",
    "SAR",
    "bioheat transfer model",
    "heterogeneous human torso model",
    "organ temperature",
    "900 MHz",
    "1800 MHz",
    "ICNIRP exposure limit"
  ],
  "suggested_hubs": [
    {
      "slug": "who-icnirp",
      "weight": 0.78,
      "reason": "Highlights mention SAR exceeding the ICNIRP general public exposure limit for distances <2 m."
    }
  ]
}

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AI-extracted fields are generated from the abstract and metadata and may be incomplete or incorrect. This material is for informational purposes and is not medical advice.

Identifiers and source

DOI: Not supplied
PubMed: Not supplied

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