CeO2NPs relieve radiofrequency radiation, improve testosterone synthesis, and clock gene expression in Leydig cells by enhancing antioxidation

2019 · Harm · Low evidence

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HarmLow evidencePaper 1752

Study snapshot

Publicationmanual · 2019

Study typein_vitro

Reported directionHarm

Evidence ratingLow

Abstract

CeO2NPs relieve radiofrequency radiation, improve testosterone synthesis, and clock gene expression in Leydig cells by enhancing antioxidation Qin F, Shen T, Cao H, Qian J, Zou D, Ye M, Pei H. Int J Nanomedicine. CeO2NPs relieve radiofrequency radiation, improve testosterone synthesis, and clock gene expression in Leydig cells by enhancing antioxidation. 2019 Jun 24;14:4601-4611. doi: 10.2147/IJN.S206561. Abstract Introduction: The ratio of Ce3+/Ce4+ in their structure confers unique functions on cerium oxide nanoparticles (CeO2NPs) containing rare earth elements in scavenging free radicals and protecting against oxidative damage. The potential of CeO2NPs to protect testosterone synthesis in primary mouse Leydig cells during exposure to 1,800 MHz radiofrequency (RF) radiation was examined in vitro. Methods: Leydig cells were treated with different concentrations of CeO2NPs to identify the optimum concentration for cell proliferation. The cells were pretreated with the optimum dose of CeO2NPs for 24 hrs and then exposed to 1,800 MHz RF at a power density of 200.27 µW/cm2 (specific absorption rate (SAR), 0.116 W/kg) for 1 hr, 2 hrs, or 4 hrs. The medium was used to measure the testosterone concentration. The cells were collected to determine the antioxidant indices (catalase [CAT], malondialdehyde [MDA], and total antioxidant capacity [T-AOC]), and the mRNA expression of the testosterone synthase genes (Star, Cyp11a1, and Hsd-3β) and clock genes (Clock, Bmal1, and Rorα). Results: Our preliminary result showed that 128 μg/mL CeO2NPs was the optimum dose for cell proliferation. Cells exposed to RF alone showed reduced levels of testosterone, T-AOC, and CAT activities, increased MDA content, and the downregulated genes expression of Star, Cyp11a1, Hsd-3β, Clock, Bmal1, and Rorα. Pretreatment of the cells with 128 μg/mL CeO2NPs for 24 hrs followed by RF exposure significantly increased testosterone synthesis, upregulated the expression of the testosterone synthase and clock genes, and increased the resistance to oxidative damage in Leydig cells compared with those in cells exposed to RF alone. Conclusion: Exposure to 1,800 MHz RF had adverse effects on testosterone synthesis, antioxidant levels, and clock gene expression in primary Leydig cells. Pretreatment with CeO2NPs prevented the adverse effects on testosterone synthesis induced by RF exposure by regulating their antioxidant capacity and clock gene expression in vitro. Further studies of the mechanism underlying the protective function of CeO2NPs against RF in the male reproductive system are required. Open access paper: ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

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AI evidence extraction

Structured fields below were generated from the paper’s abstract and metadata to make the evidence easier to inspect. Automated extraction may be incomplete or incorrect; verify important details against the original paper.

Study typein_vitro

Effect directionharm

PopulationPrimary mouse Leydig cells (in vitro)

Sample sizeNot supplied

ExposureRF · 1800 MHz · 0.116 W/kg · 1 hr, 2 hrs, or 4 hrs

Evidence strengthLowConfidence: 78% · Peer reviewed: yes

Main findings

Exposure to 1,800 MHz RF (power density 200.27 µW/cm2; SAR 0.116 W/kg) reduced testosterone, T-AOC, and CAT activity, increased MDA, and downregulated Star, Cyp11a1, Hsd-3β, Clock, Bmal1, and Rorα in primary mouse Leydig cells. Pretreatment with 128 µg/mL CeO2NPs for 24 hours before RF exposure increased testosterone synthesis, upregulated testosterone synthase and clock gene expression, and increased resistance to oxidative damage compared with RF-only exposure.

Outcomes measured

Testosterone concentration in medium
Antioxidant indices: catalase (CAT), malondialdehyde (MDA), total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC)
mRNA expression of testosterone synthase genes: Star, Cyp11a1, Hsd-3β
mRNA expression of clock genes: Clock, Bmal1, Rorα
Cell proliferation (to identify optimum CeO2NPs concentration)

Limitations

In vitro study in primary mouse Leydig cells; generalizability to in vivo or humans not addressed in abstract
Sample size not reported in abstract
Only one RF frequency (1,800 MHz) and one reported SAR/power density condition
Protective intervention (CeO2NPs) assessed; does not establish effects without considering nanoparticle pretreatment context

View raw extracted JSON

{
  "study_type": "in_vitro",
  "exposure": {
    "band": "RF",
    "source": null,
    "frequency_mhz": 1800,
    "sar_wkg": 0.116,
    "duration": "1 hr, 2 hrs, or 4 hrs"
  },
  "population": "Primary mouse Leydig cells (in vitro)",
  "sample_size": null,
  "outcomes": [
    "Testosterone concentration in medium",
    "Antioxidant indices: catalase (CAT), malondialdehyde (MDA), total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC)",
    "mRNA expression of testosterone synthase genes: Star, Cyp11a1, Hsd-3β",
    "mRNA expression of clock genes: Clock, Bmal1, Rorα",
    "Cell proliferation (to identify optimum CeO2NPs concentration)"
  ],
  "main_findings": "Exposure to 1,800 MHz RF (power density 200.27 µW/cm2; SAR 0.116 W/kg) reduced testosterone, T-AOC, and CAT activity, increased MDA, and downregulated Star, Cyp11a1, Hsd-3β, Clock, Bmal1, and Rorα in primary mouse Leydig cells. Pretreatment with 128 µg/mL CeO2NPs for 24 hours before RF exposure increased testosterone synthesis, upregulated testosterone synthase and clock gene expression, and increased resistance to oxidative damage compared with RF-only exposure.",
  "effect_direction": "harm",
  "limitations": [
    "In vitro study in primary mouse Leydig cells; generalizability to in vivo or humans not addressed in abstract",
    "Sample size not reported in abstract",
    "Only one RF frequency (1,800 MHz) and one reported SAR/power density condition",
    "Protective intervention (CeO2NPs) assessed; does not establish effects without considering nanoparticle pretreatment context"
  ],
  "evidence_strength": "low",
  "confidence": 0.78,
  "peer_reviewed_likely": "yes",
  "keywords": [
    "radiofrequency radiation",
    "1800 MHz",
    "Leydig cells",
    "testosterone",
    "oxidative stress",
    "catalase",
    "malondialdehyde",
    "total antioxidant capacity",
    "clock genes",
    "CeO2 nanoparticles",
    "SAR"
  ],
  "suggested_hubs": []
}

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AI-extracted fields are generated from the abstract and metadata and may be incomplete or incorrect. This material is for informational purposes and is not medical advice.

Identifiers and source

DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s206561
PubMed: Not supplied

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