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Hippocampal Oxidative Stress Induced by Radiofrequency Electromagnetic Radiation and the Neuroprotective Effects of Aerobic Exercise in Rats: A Randomized Control Trial

Journal of physical activity & health · 2021 · Harm · Low evidence

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HarmLow evidencePaper 1018

Rats exposed to 900/1800 MHz radiofrequency electromagnetic waves (RAD) had significantly higher hippocampal dead cells and malondialdehyde than EXE, EXE+RAD, and control. Antioxidant enzyme activities (catalase, glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase) …

Study snapshot

PublicationJournal of physical activity & health · 2021
Study typeanimal
Reported directionHarm
Evidence ratingLow

Abstract

Hippocampal Oxidative Stress Induced by Radiofrequency Electromagnetic Radiation and the Neuroprotective Effects of Aerobic Exercise in Rats: A Randomized Control Trial Mina Rasouli Mojez, Abbas Ali Gaeini, Siroos Choobineh, Mohsen Sheykhlouvand. Hippocampal Oxidative Stress Induced by Radiofrequency Electromagnetic Radiation and the Neuroprotective Effects of Aerobic Exercise in Rats: A Randomized Control Trial. J Phys Act Health. 2021 Oct 25;1-7. doi: 10.1123/jpah.2021-0213. Abstract Background: The present study determined whether 4 weeks of moderate aerobic exercise improves antioxidant capacity on the brain of rats against oxidative stress caused by radiofrequency electromagnetic radiation emitted from cell phones. Methods: Responses of malondialdehyde, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, and superoxide dismutase, as well as the number of hippocampal dead cells, were examined. Male Wistar rats (10-12 wk old) were randomly assigned to 1 of 4 groups (N = 8): (1) moderate aerobic exercise (EXE) (2 × 15-30 min at 1215 m/min speed with 5 min of active recovery between sets), (2) exposure to 900/1800 MHz radiofrequency electromagnetic waves 3 hours per day (RAD), (3) EXE + RAD, and (4) exposure to an experimental phone without battery. Results: Following the exposure, the number of the hippocampal dead cells was significantly higher in group RAD compared with groups EXE, EXE + RAD, and control group. Malondialdehyde concentration in group RAD was significantly higher than that of groups EXE, EXE + RAD, and control group. Also, the activity of catalase, glutathione peroxidase, and superoxide dismutase in groups EXE, EXE + RAD, and control group was significantly higher compared with those of the exposure group. Conclusion: This study demonstrated that moderate aerobic exercise enhances hippocampal antioxidant capacity against oxidative challenge in the form of radiofrequency electromagnetic waves. pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

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AI evidence extraction

Structured fields below were generated from the paper’s abstract and metadata to make the evidence easier to inspect. Automated extraction may be incomplete or incorrect; verify important details against the original paper.

Study typeanimal
Effect directionharm
PopulationMale Wistar rats (10–12 weeks old)
Sample size32
ExposureRF · 3 hours/day for 4 weeks
Evidence strengthLowConfidence: 78% · Peer reviewed: yes

Main findings

Rats exposed to 900/1800 MHz radiofrequency electromagnetic waves (RAD) had significantly higher hippocampal dead cells and malondialdehyde than EXE, EXE+RAD, and control. Antioxidant enzyme activities (catalase, glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase) were significantly higher in EXE, EXE+RAD, and control compared with RAD.

Outcomes measured

  • Hippocampal malondialdehyde (MDA)
  • Catalase activity
  • Glutathione peroxidase activity
  • Superoxide dismutase activity
  • Number of hippocampal dead cells

Limitations

  • Specific SAR or exposure intensity not reported in the abstract
  • Small group sizes (N=8 per group)
  • Animal study; generalizability to humans not addressed in the abstract
View raw extracted JSON
{
  "study_type": "animal",
  "exposure": {
    "band": "RF",
    "source": "mobile phone",
    "frequency_mhz": null,
    "sar_wkg": null,
    "duration": "3 hours/day for 4 weeks"
  },
  "population": "Male Wistar rats (10–12 weeks old)",
  "sample_size": 32,
  "outcomes": [
    "Hippocampal malondialdehyde (MDA)",
    "Catalase activity",
    "Glutathione peroxidase activity",
    "Superoxide dismutase activity",
    "Number of hippocampal dead cells"
  ],
  "main_findings": "Rats exposed to 900/1800 MHz radiofrequency electromagnetic waves (RAD) had significantly higher hippocampal dead cells and malondialdehyde than EXE, EXE+RAD, and control. Antioxidant enzyme activities (catalase, glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase) were significantly higher in EXE, EXE+RAD, and control compared with RAD.",
  "effect_direction": "harm",
  "limitations": [
    "Specific SAR or exposure intensity not reported in the abstract",
    "Small group sizes (N=8 per group)",
    "Animal study; generalizability to humans not addressed in the abstract"
  ],
  "evidence_strength": "low",
  "confidence": 0.78,
  "peer_reviewed_likely": "yes",
  "keywords": [
    "radiofrequency electromagnetic radiation",
    "cell phone",
    "900 MHz",
    "1800 MHz",
    "hippocampus",
    "oxidative stress",
    "malondialdehyde",
    "catalase",
    "glutathione peroxidase",
    "superoxide dismutase",
    "aerobic exercise",
    "rats"
  ],
  "suggested_hubs": [
    {
      "slug": "mobile-phones",
      "weight": 0.85,
      "reason": "Exposure described as radiofrequency electromagnetic radiation emitted from cell phones (900/1800 MHz)."
    }
  ]
}
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AI-extracted fields are generated from the abstract and metadata and may be incomplete or incorrect. This material is for informational purposes and is not medical advice.

Identifiers and source

DOI: 10.1123/jpah.2021-0213
PubMed: 34697252

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