RF Safe

Apoptotic Effect of 1800 MHz Electromagnetic Radiation on NIH/3T3 Cells

2020 · Harm · Low evidence

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HarmLow evidencePaper 1612

NIH/3T3 cells exposed to 1800 MHz EMR (SAR 2 W/kg) showed significantly decreased viability at 12, 36, and 48 h versus sham. After 48 h exposure, late apoptotic cells were significantly increased, with increased p53 mRNA (~1.4-fold vs sham) and differences in…

Study snapshot

Publicationmanual · 2020
Study typein_vitro
Reported directionHarm
Evidence ratingLow

Abstract

Apoptotic Effect of 1800 MHz Electromagnetic Radiation on NIH/3T3 Cells Li DY, Song JD, Liang ZY, Oskouei K, Xiao XQ, Hou WZ, Li JT, Yang YS, Wang ML, Murbach M. Apoptotic Effect of 1800 MHz Electromagnetic Radiation on NIH/3T3 Cells. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020 Jan 28;17(3). pii: E819. doi: 10.3390/ijerph17030819. Abstract To investigate the effect of 1800 MHz electromagnetic radiation (EMR) on apoptosis, we exposed NIH/3T3 cells at 1800 MHz with a specific absorption rate (SAR) of 2 W/kg intermittently for 12, 24, 36, and 48 h. After exposure, Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) and flow cytometry were used to detect cell viability and apoptosis; the expression of p53, a molecule with the key role in apoptosis, was measured by real-time qPCR, western blot, and immunofluorescence; and images of the structure of the mitochondria, directly reflecting apoptosis, were captured by electron microscopy. The results showed that the viability of cells in the 12, 36, and 48 h exposure groups significantly decreased compared with the sham groups; after 48 h of exposure, the percentage of late apoptotic cells in the exposure group was significantly higher. Real-time qPCR results showed that p53 mRNA in the 48 h exposure group was 1.4-fold of that in the sham group; significant differences of p53 protein fluorescence expression were observed between the exposure groups and the sham groups after 24 h and 48 h. The mitochondrial swelling and vesicular morphology were found in the electron microscopy images after 48 h exposure. These findings demonstrated 1800 MHz, SAR 2 W/kg EMR for 48 h may cause apoptosis in NIH/3T3 cells and that this apoptosis might be attributed to mitochondrial damage and upregulation of p53 expression. Open access paper: mdpi.com

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AI evidence extraction

Structured fields below were generated from the paper’s abstract and metadata to make the evidence easier to inspect. Automated extraction may be incomplete or incorrect; verify important details against the original paper.

Study typein_vitro
Effect directionharm
PopulationNIH/3T3 cells
Sample sizeNot supplied
ExposureRF · 1800 MHz · 2 W/kg · Intermittent exposure for 12, 24, 36, and 48 h
Evidence strengthLowConfidence: 78% · Peer reviewed: yes

Main findings

NIH/3T3 cells exposed to 1800 MHz EMR (SAR 2 W/kg) showed significantly decreased viability at 12, 36, and 48 h versus sham. After 48 h exposure, late apoptotic cells were significantly increased, with increased p53 mRNA (~1.4-fold vs sham) and differences in p53 protein fluorescence at 24 h and 48 h; mitochondrial swelling/vesicular morphology was observed after 48 h.

Outcomes measured

  • Cell viability (CCK-8)
  • Apoptosis (flow cytometry; late apoptotic cells)
  • p53 mRNA expression (qPCR)
  • p53 protein expression (western blot, immunofluorescence)
  • Mitochondrial ultrastructure (electron microscopy)
View raw extracted JSON
{
  "study_type": "in_vitro",
  "exposure": {
    "band": "RF",
    "source": null,
    "frequency_mhz": 1800,
    "sar_wkg": 2,
    "duration": "Intermittent exposure for 12, 24, 36, and 48 h"
  },
  "population": "NIH/3T3 cells",
  "sample_size": null,
  "outcomes": [
    "Cell viability (CCK-8)",
    "Apoptosis (flow cytometry; late apoptotic cells)",
    "p53 mRNA expression (qPCR)",
    "p53 protein expression (western blot, immunofluorescence)",
    "Mitochondrial ultrastructure (electron microscopy)"
  ],
  "main_findings": "NIH/3T3 cells exposed to 1800 MHz EMR (SAR 2 W/kg) showed significantly decreased viability at 12, 36, and 48 h versus sham. After 48 h exposure, late apoptotic cells were significantly increased, with increased p53 mRNA (~1.4-fold vs sham) and differences in p53 protein fluorescence at 24 h and 48 h; mitochondrial swelling/vesicular morphology was observed after 48 h.",
  "effect_direction": "harm",
  "limitations": [],
  "evidence_strength": "low",
  "confidence": 0.78,
  "peer_reviewed_likely": "yes",
  "keywords": [
    "1800 MHz",
    "electromagnetic radiation",
    "RF",
    "SAR 2 W/kg",
    "NIH/3T3",
    "apoptosis",
    "p53",
    "mitochondria",
    "in vitro"
  ],
  "suggested_hubs": []
}
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AI-extracted fields are generated from the abstract and metadata and may be incomplete or incorrect. This material is for informational purposes and is not medical advice.

Identifiers and source

DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17030819
PubMed: Not supplied

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