4G based SAR analysis for anatomically based human head model using mobile phone antenna

2023 · Harm · Low evidence

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HarmLow evidencePaper 353

Study snapshot

Publicationmanual · 2023

Study typeengineering

Reported directionHarm

Evidence ratingLow

Abstract

4G based SAR analysis for anatomically based human head model using mobile phone antenna Sonawane A, Bormane D. (2023). 4G based SAR analysis for anatomically based human head model using mobile phone antenna. Multidisciplinary Science Journal, 6(4), 2024053. doi: 10.31893/multiscience.2024053. Abstract Mobile phone handsets utilized by individuals of all ages been heavily grows popular as a wireless communication device. Every mobile phone produces electromagnetic radiation at radio frequencies (RF). The specific absorption rate is used to calculate how much of this energy is absorbed by the human skull. Standard guidelines state that sold phones must fall below a specified SAR. This paper aims to evaluate the Specific Absorption Rate (SAR) and E-field strength for mobile phone radiation exposure on a head model who is 40 years old and a 5-year-old child. The human skull is represented in this model as a six-layered sphere made up of the brain, CSF, dura, bone, fat, and skin. Various layers of the head's SAR distribution have been measured as an impact of radiation from mobile phones exposure using the 1800 MHz frequency. Earlier research were used to consider the dielectric properties of tissue layers. The human head and mobile phone antenna is modelled in this research using ANSYS HFSS. A hand-held mobile phone's dipole antenna type is considered for RF exposure. It is seen how EM absorption in various tissue layers for both adults as well as child head. SAR comparisons between the adult and child head reveal that the child head absorbs greater power due to the distinctive layerwise head shape, conductivity, permittivity, and permeability of the two head models. Excess EM absorption may have negative physiologic implications for human health specifically impact on child physical and mental health. Excerpt Due to variations in the pinna's thickness and the cranial bone's thickness, head geometry, conductivity, permittivity and permeability layerwise, the local SAR has been estimated in both scenarios and indicates higher SAR in a child's head than an adult's head. Depending on whether the thickness of the cranium and surrounding tissues genuinely changes with age, a higher SAR in the brains of children can be anticipated. Additionally, the SAR value measured for both adult and child heads surpasses the normal SAR maximum value set by organizations such as IEEE, ICNIRP, and FCC (Means and Chan 2001; Sonawane and Bormane 2022). According to previous research, using a cellular phone increases the chance of developing brain cancer. That is an ongoing issue. The incidence of glioblastoma, the worst form of brain cancer, has risen in various countries, such as the United States and Denmark (Gabriel and Peyman 2018). In Australia, the frequency of brain cancer has risen recently. These findings are based on data from each nation's cancer registries about brain cancer incidence. In this study, the strength of e-field absorption in the human head decreases with an increase in the gap between the EM radiator and the head. Therefore, keeping a safe distance from a mobile device could reduce the risk of an unwell effect on the human body/head. If the highest SAR is at or below the 1.6 W/kg exposure level in the United States, the phone is approved for sale without consideration of the SAM certification process's 30% tolerance. However, our research found a larger value than the stipulated limit. Therefore, the safety limitations on SAR for RF exposure must be carefully evaluated for compliance with any wireless devices that may be worn on the body or carried in the hand. The appropriate standards must be changed to account for the effects of electromagnetic field coupling with layered brain tissue. The SAR evaluation results for the two head models may suggest that further standard SAR values should be sought. Open access paper: malque.pub

Machine Enhanced Logic

AI evidence extraction

Structured fields below were generated from the paper’s abstract and metadata to make the evidence easier to inspect. Automated extraction may be incomplete or incorrect; verify important details against the original paper.

Study typeengineering

Effect directionharm

PopulationModeled 40-year-old adult head and 5-year-old child head (anatomically layered sphere model)

Sample sizeNot supplied

ExposureRF · 1800 MHz

Evidence strengthLowConfidence: 74% · Peer reviewed: unknown

Main findings

Using an ANSYS HFSS simulation of a dipole mobile phone antenna at 1800 MHz and a six-layer head model, the study reports higher local SAR in the child head model than in the adult head model, attributing differences to geometry and tissue electromagnetic properties. The excerpt states that SAR values for both adult and child models exceeded guideline maximum values referenced (IEEE/ICNIRP/FCC) and that increasing the gap between the radiator and head reduced E-field absorption.

Outcomes measured

Specific absorption rate (SAR) distribution in head tissue layers
Electric field (E-field) strength/absorption in head
Adult vs child SAR comparison
Effect of distance (gap) between radiator and head on E-field absorption

Limitations

Computational/simulation study using simplified six-layer spherical head representation rather than measured human anatomy
Dielectric properties were taken from earlier research rather than measured in this work
No numeric SAR/E-field results are provided in the abstract/excerpt
No real-world usage conditions, handset diversity, or user behavior variability described
Health implications and cancer risk statements appear to rely on prior research and registry trends rather than outcomes measured in this study

View raw extracted JSON

{
  "publication_year": 2023,
  "study_type": "engineering",
  "exposure": {
    "band": "RF",
    "source": "mobile phone",
    "frequency_mhz": 1800,
    "sar_wkg": null,
    "duration": null
  },
  "population": "Modeled 40-year-old adult head and 5-year-old child head (anatomically layered sphere model)",
  "sample_size": null,
  "outcomes": [
    "Specific absorption rate (SAR) distribution in head tissue layers",
    "Electric field (E-field) strength/absorption in head",
    "Adult vs child SAR comparison",
    "Effect of distance (gap) between radiator and head on E-field absorption"
  ],
  "main_findings": "Using an ANSYS HFSS simulation of a dipole mobile phone antenna at 1800 MHz and a six-layer head model, the study reports higher local SAR in the child head model than in the adult head model, attributing differences to geometry and tissue electromagnetic properties. The excerpt states that SAR values for both adult and child models exceeded guideline maximum values referenced (IEEE/ICNIRP/FCC) and that increasing the gap between the radiator and head reduced E-field absorption.",
  "effect_direction": "harm",
  "limitations": [
    "Computational/simulation study using simplified six-layer spherical head representation rather than measured human anatomy",
    "Dielectric properties were taken from earlier research rather than measured in this work",
    "No numeric SAR/E-field results are provided in the abstract/excerpt",
    "No real-world usage conditions, handset diversity, or user behavior variability described",
    "Health implications and cancer risk statements appear to rely on prior research and registry trends rather than outcomes measured in this study"
  ],
  "evidence_strength": "low",
  "confidence": 0.74,
  "peer_reviewed_likely": "unknown",
  "stance": "concern",
  "stance_confidence": 0.78,
  "summary": "This engineering simulation study modeled RF exposure from a dipole mobile phone antenna at 1800 MHz using a six-layer spherical head model for a 40-year-old adult and a 5-year-old child. It reports higher local SAR in the child model than the adult model, attributing this to differences in head geometry and tissue electromagnetic properties. The excerpt also states that modeled SAR for both heads exceeded referenced guideline limits and that increasing distance between the phone and head reduced E-field absorption.",
  "key_points": [
    "The study uses ANSYS HFSS to model SAR and E-field absorption from a dipole phone antenna at 1800 MHz.",
    "A six-layer spherical head model is used (brain, CSF, dura, bone, fat, skin) for an adult and a child.",
    "The child head model is reported to have higher local SAR than the adult head model.",
    "Differences are attributed to layer thickness and tissue conductivity, permittivity, and permeability.",
    "The excerpt claims SAR values for both models exceed referenced guideline maximum values (IEEE/ICNIRP/FCC).",
    "E-field absorption is reported to decrease as the gap between the radiator and head increases.",
    "The paper argues that standards and compliance evaluation may need reconsideration based on layered tissue coupling."
  ],
  "categories": [
    "RF Exposure",
    "Dosimetry & SAR",
    "Computational Modeling",
    "Mobile Phones",
    "Children"
  ],
  "tags": [
    "1800 MHz",
    "4G LTE",
    "ANSYS HFSS",
    "Child Head Model",
    "Dipole Antenna",
    "Dosimetry",
    "Electric Field Strength",
    "FCC Limit",
    "Head Model",
    "ICNIRP Guidelines",
    "IEEE Guidelines",
    "Layered Tissue Model",
    "Mobile Phone Radiation",
    "RF Exposure",
    "Specific Absorption Rate"
  ],
  "keywords": [
    "4G",
    "SAR",
    "E-field",
    "1800 MHz",
    "mobile phone antenna",
    "human head model",
    "child",
    "adult",
    "ANSYS HFSS",
    "six-layer sphere"
  ],
  "suggested_hubs": [
    {
      "slug": "cell-phones",
      "weight": 0.95,
      "reason": "Study models SAR/E-field exposure from a mobile phone antenna to adult and child head models."
    }
  ],
  "social": {
    "tweet": "Simulation study (ANSYS HFSS) modeled 1800 MHz (4G) phone-antenna exposure in layered adult vs child head models, reporting higher local SAR in the child model and reduced E-field absorption with increased phone–head distance.",
    "facebook": "An engineering simulation modeled 1800 MHz mobile phone exposure in layered adult and child head models. The authors report higher local SAR in the child model and note that increasing distance between the phone and head reduced E-field absorption.",
    "linkedin": "Using ANSYS HFSS, this paper simulates 1800 MHz mobile phone antenna exposure in layered adult and child head models. It reports higher local SAR in the child model and decreasing E-field absorption with increased separation distance."
  }
}

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AI-extracted fields are generated from the abstract and metadata and may be incomplete or incorrect. This material is for informational purposes and is not medical advice.

Identifiers and source

DOI: 10.31893/multiscience.2024053
PubMed: Not supplied

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