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900 MHz Radiofrequency Field Induces Mitochondrial Unfolded Protein Response in Mouse Bone Marrow Stem Cells

2021 · Mixed · Low evidence

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MixedLow evidencePaper 1059

Compared with sham, 900 MHz RF exposure (120 μW/cm², continuous wave; 4 h/day for 5 days) significantly increased ROS and increased HSP10/HSP60/ClpP protein levels at 30 min and 4 h post-exposure, with reversal by 24 h post-exposure. Pretreatment with siRNA-J…

Study snapshot

Publicationmanual · 2021
Study typein_vitro
Reported directionMixed
Evidence ratingLow

Abstract

900 MHz Radiofrequency Field Induces Mitochondrial Unfolded Protein Response in Mouse Bone Marrow Stem Cells Xie Wen, Xu Rui, Fan Caiyun, Yang Chunyu, Chen Haiyan, Cao Yi. 900 MHz Radiofrequency Field Induces Mitochondrial Unfolded Protein Response in Mouse Bone Marrow Stem Cells. Frontiers in Public Health. 9:1265. 2021. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2021.724239 Abstract Objective: To examine whether exposure of mouse bone marrow stromal cells (BMSC) to 900 MHz radiofrequency fields used in mobile communication devices can induce mitochondrial unfolded protein response (UPR<sup>mt</sup>).Methods: BMSCs were exposed to continuous wave 900 MHz radiofrequency fields (RF) at 120 μW/cm<sup>2</sup> power intensity for 4 h/d for 5 consecutive days. Cells in sham group (SH) were cultured in RF exposure system, but without RF radiation. The positive control cells were irradiated with 6 Gy X-ray at a dose rate of 1.103 Gy/min (XR). To inhibit the upstream molecular JNK2 of UPR<sup>mt</sup>, cells in siRNA + RF, and siRNA + XR group were also pretreated with 100 nM siRNA-JNK2 for 48 h before RF/XR exposure. Thirty minutes, 4 h, and 24 h post-RF/XR exposure, cells were collected, the level of ROS was measured with flow cytometry, the expression levels of UPR<sup>mt</sup>-related proteins were detected using western blot analysis.Results: Compared with Sham group, the level of ROS in RF and XR group was significantly increased 30 min and 4 h post-RF/XR exposure (P < 0.05), however, the RF/XR-induced increase of ROS level reversed 24 h post-RF/XR exposure. Compared with Sham group, the expression levels of HSP10/HSP60/ClpP proteins in cells of RF and XR group increased significantly 30 min and 4 h post-RF/XR exposure (P < 0.05), however, the RF/XR-induced increase of HSP10/HSP60/ClpP protein levels reversed 24 h post-RF exposure. After interfering with siRNA-JNK2, the RF/XR exposures could not induce the increase of HSP10/HSP60/ClpP protein levels any more.Conclusions: The exposure of 900 MHz RF at 120 μW/cm<sup>2</sup> power flux density could increase ROS level and activate a transient UPR<sup>mt</sup> in BMSC cells. Mitochondrial homeostasis in term of protein folding ability is restored 24 h post-RF exposure. Exposure to RF in our experimental condition did not cause permanent and severe mitochondrial dysfunctions. However, the detailed underlying molecular mechanism of RF-induced UPR<sup>mt</sup> remains to be further studied. Open access paper: frontiersin.org

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AI evidence extraction

Structured fields below were generated from the paper’s abstract and metadata to make the evidence easier to inspect. Automated extraction may be incomplete or incorrect; verify important details against the original paper.

Study typein_vitro
Effect directionmixed
PopulationMouse bone marrow stromal cells (BMSC)
Sample sizeNot supplied
ExposureRF · 900 MHz · 4 h/d for 5 consecutive days; outcomes assessed 30 min, 4 h, and 24 h post-exposure
Evidence strengthLowConfidence: 78% · Peer reviewed: yes

Main findings

Compared with sham, 900 MHz RF exposure (120 μW/cm², continuous wave; 4 h/day for 5 days) significantly increased ROS and increased HSP10/HSP60/ClpP protein levels at 30 min and 4 h post-exposure, with reversal by 24 h post-exposure. Pretreatment with siRNA-JNK2 prevented RF- (and X-ray-) associated increases in HSP10/HSP60/ClpP.

Outcomes measured

  • Reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels
  • Mitochondrial unfolded protein response (UPRmt) markers (HSP10, HSP60, ClpP)
  • Effect of JNK2 knockdown (siRNA-JNK2) on UPRmt marker induction

Limitations

  • In vitro mouse cell model; generalizability to humans not addressed
  • No sample size reported in abstract
  • SAR not reported; exposure characterized by power intensity (μW/cm²)
  • Effects described as transient with reversal by 24 h; longer-term outcomes not assessed in abstract
View raw extracted JSON
{
  "study_type": "in_vitro",
  "exposure": {
    "band": "RF",
    "source": "mobile communication devices",
    "frequency_mhz": 900,
    "sar_wkg": null,
    "duration": "4 h/d for 5 consecutive days; outcomes assessed 30 min, 4 h, and 24 h post-exposure"
  },
  "population": "Mouse bone marrow stromal cells (BMSC)",
  "sample_size": null,
  "outcomes": [
    "Reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels",
    "Mitochondrial unfolded protein response (UPRmt) markers (HSP10, HSP60, ClpP)",
    "Effect of JNK2 knockdown (siRNA-JNK2) on UPRmt marker induction"
  ],
  "main_findings": "Compared with sham, 900 MHz RF exposure (120 μW/cm², continuous wave; 4 h/day for 5 days) significantly increased ROS and increased HSP10/HSP60/ClpP protein levels at 30 min and 4 h post-exposure, with reversal by 24 h post-exposure. Pretreatment with siRNA-JNK2 prevented RF- (and X-ray-) associated increases in HSP10/HSP60/ClpP.",
  "effect_direction": "mixed",
  "limitations": [
    "In vitro mouse cell model; generalizability to humans not addressed",
    "No sample size reported in abstract",
    "SAR not reported; exposure characterized by power intensity (μW/cm²)",
    "Effects described as transient with reversal by 24 h; longer-term outcomes not assessed in abstract"
  ],
  "evidence_strength": "low",
  "confidence": 0.78,
  "peer_reviewed_likely": "yes",
  "keywords": [
    "900 MHz",
    "radiofrequency",
    "RF",
    "continuous wave",
    "mouse bone marrow stromal cells",
    "BMSC",
    "ROS",
    "mitochondrial unfolded protein response",
    "UPRmt",
    "HSP10",
    "HSP60",
    "ClpP",
    "JNK2",
    "siRNA"
  ],
  "suggested_hubs": [
    {
      "slug": "mobile-phones-rf",
      "weight": 0.8,
      "reason": "Study explicitly examines 900 MHz RF used in mobile communication devices."
    }
  ]
}
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AI-extracted fields are generated from the abstract and metadata and may be incomplete or incorrect. This material is for informational purposes and is not medical advice.

Identifiers and source

DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2021.724239
PubMed: Not supplied

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