Effect of Duration of Mobile Phone Use on the Salivary Flow and Total Antioxidant Capacity of Saliva and Salivary Immunoglobulin A Level

2022 · Mixed · Low evidence

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MixedLow evidencePaper 833

Study snapshot

Publicationmanual · 2022

Study typecross_sectional

Reported directionMixed

Evidence ratingLow

Abstract

Effect of Duration of Mobile Phone Use on the Salivary Flow and Total Antioxidant Capacity of Saliva and Salivary Immunoglobulin A Level Bansal D, Chhaparwal Y, Pai KM, Kumar M, Vineetha R, Chhaparwal S, Kamath S, Kamath A. Effect of Duration of Mobile Phone Use on the Salivary Flow and Total Antioxidant Capacity of Saliva and Salivary Immunoglobulin A Level: A Cross-sectional Study. J Int Soc Prev Community Dent. 2022 Apr 8;12(2):260-265. doi: 10.4103/jispcd.JISPCD_361_21. Abstract Introduction: The objective of this study was to observe the effects of the duration of handheld mobile phone usage on the salivary flow, salivary immunoglobulin A (IgA) level, and salivary markers for oxidative stress. Materials and methods: Eighty-one students were categorized into three groups based on their duration of mobile phone usage after age- and gender-matching. Students were grouped as: mobile phone usage <20 min/day (Group A), mobile phone usage 20-60 min/day (Group B), and mobile phone usage >60 min/day (Group C). Saliva was collected to evaluate salivary flow rate, salivary IgA level, and salivary markers for oxidative stress. Results: The salivary flow rate showed no statistically significant difference between the three groups (P = 0.180). There was no statistically significant difference in the salivary IgA between the three groups (P = 0.237). There was a statistically significant difference in the malondialdehyde (MDA) level between the three groups (P = 0.042). On pair comparison between the groups, group B and group C had a statistically significant difference (P = 0.019) in the MDA level. There was no statistically significant difference in the salivary thiol level between the three groups (P = 0.237). Conclusion: The duration of handheld mobile phone usage did not show any significant effects on the salivary flow rate, salivary IgA, and thiol levels. There was an increase in the salivary MDA concentration in subjects using handheld mobile phones for a longer duration, indicating higher oxidative stress in salivary glands exposed to mobile phone radiofrequency electromagnetic waves for a longer duration. Open access paper: ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Machine Enhanced Logic

AI evidence extraction

Structured fields below were generated from the paper’s abstract and metadata to make the evidence easier to inspect. Automated extraction may be incomplete or incorrect; verify important details against the original paper.

Study typecross_sectional

Effect directionmixed

PopulationStudents

Sample size81

ExposureRF · Self-reported handheld mobile phone use duration grouped as <20 min/day, 20–60 min/day, >60 min/day

Evidence strengthLowConfidence: 78% · Peer reviewed: yes

Main findings

Across three groups of students categorized by daily handheld mobile phone use duration, there were no statistically significant differences in salivary flow rate (P=0.180), salivary IgA (P=0.237), or salivary thiol level (P=0.237). MDA differed significantly between groups (P=0.042), with a significant pairwise difference between 20–60 min/day and >60 min/day groups (P=0.019); the conclusion states MDA increased with longer duration of use.

Outcomes measured

Salivary flow rate
Salivary immunoglobulin A (IgA) level
Malondialdehyde (MDA) level
Salivary thiol level
Oxidative stress markers in saliva

Limitations

Cross-sectional design
Exposure characterized only by duration of use (minutes/day); no frequency/SAR reported
Population limited to students

View raw extracted JSON

{
  "study_type": "cross_sectional",
  "exposure": {
    "band": "RF",
    "source": "mobile phone",
    "frequency_mhz": null,
    "sar_wkg": null,
    "duration": "Self-reported handheld mobile phone use duration grouped as <20 min/day, 20–60 min/day, >60 min/day"
  },
  "population": "Students",
  "sample_size": 81,
  "outcomes": [
    "Salivary flow rate",
    "Salivary immunoglobulin A (IgA) level",
    "Malondialdehyde (MDA) level",
    "Salivary thiol level",
    "Oxidative stress markers in saliva"
  ],
  "main_findings": "Across three groups of students categorized by daily handheld mobile phone use duration, there were no statistically significant differences in salivary flow rate (P=0.180), salivary IgA (P=0.237), or salivary thiol level (P=0.237). MDA differed significantly between groups (P=0.042), with a significant pairwise difference between 20–60 min/day and >60 min/day groups (P=0.019); the conclusion states MDA increased with longer duration of use.",
  "effect_direction": "mixed",
  "limitations": [
    "Cross-sectional design",
    "Exposure characterized only by duration of use (minutes/day); no frequency/SAR reported",
    "Population limited to students"
  ],
  "evidence_strength": "low",
  "confidence": 0.78,
  "peer_reviewed_likely": "yes",
  "keywords": [
    "mobile phone",
    "radiofrequency electromagnetic waves",
    "saliva",
    "salivary flow rate",
    "immunoglobulin A",
    "oxidative stress",
    "malondialdehyde",
    "thiol",
    "students",
    "duration of use"
  ],
  "suggested_hubs": [
    {
      "slug": "rf-mobile-phones",
      "weight": 0.9,
      "reason": "Study examines duration of handheld mobile phone use and salivary biomarkers."
    }
  ]
}

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AI-extracted fields are generated from the abstract and metadata and may be incomplete or incorrect. This material is for informational purposes and is not medical advice.

Identifiers and source

DOI: 10.4103/jispcd.jispcd_361_21
PubMed: Not supplied

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