Effects of electromagnetic radiation from offshore wind power on the physiology and behavior of two

Marine pollution bulletin · 2025 · Mixed · Low evidence

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MixedLow evidencePaper 255

Study snapshot

PublicationMarine pollution bulletin · 2025

Study typeanimal

Reported directionMixed

Evidence ratingLow

Abstract

Effects of electromagnetic radiation from offshore wind power on the physiology and behavior of two marine fishes Xu P, Wang B, Wang Z, Jin R, Ahmad M, Shang Y, Hu M, Chen F, Khalil MF, Huang W, Wang Y. Effects of electromagnetic radiation from offshore wind power on the physiology and behavior of two marine fishes. Mar Pollut Bull. 2025 Feb 7;213:117633. doi: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2025.117633. Abstract With the widespread promotion of wind power, its potential ecological impacts on marine ecosystems have raised concerns, among which electromagnetic radiation is one of the significant impacts. It is well known that the effects of electromagnetic fields on different marine organisms vary greatly, but little is known about their effects on commercially important fish species. We studied the toxicity differences between the large yellow croaker (Larimichthys crocea) and the black sea bream (Acanthopagrus schlegelii) when exposed to magnetic field strengths of 0mT, 0.5mT, 1.0mT, 1.5mT and 2.0mT. We found that under the 1.5mT and 2.0mT, the swimming velocity of L. crocea and A. schlegelii was reduced and the antioxidant enzymes in the body had a protective function on the body. Under the 2.0mT, the stress response of A. schlegelii was higher and the immune systems of both fish species were activated. The electromagnetic intensity below 2.0mT was more sensitive to L. crocea and A. schlegelii. However, electromagnetic radiation seems to have no significant effect on the nutrient absorption capacity of the organisms. After several days of recovery, all affected markers showed signs of reversibility. In summary, the experiment could provide valuable data for developing early warning systems and preventive measures to mitigate potential threats to marine life from offshore wind farms. pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Machine Enhanced Logic

AI evidence extraction

Structured fields below were generated from the paper’s abstract and metadata to make the evidence easier to inspect. Automated extraction may be incomplete or incorrect; verify important details against the original paper.

Study typeanimal

Effect directionmixed

PopulationMarine fishes: large yellow croaker (Larimichthys crocea) and black sea bream (Acanthopagrus schlegelii)

Sample sizeNot supplied

ExposureELF

Evidence strengthLowConfidence: 74% · Peer reviewed: yes

Main findings

When exposed to magnetic field strengths of 1.5 mT and 2.0 mT, swimming velocity of both fish species was reduced and antioxidant enzymes showed a protective response. At 2.0 mT, stress response was higher in A. schlegelii and immune systems of both species were activated; nutrient absorption capacity showed no significant effect, and affected markers showed signs of reversibility after several days of recovery.

Outcomes measured

Swimming velocity
Antioxidant enzyme response
Stress response
Immune system activation
Nutrient absorption capacity
Reversibility after recovery

Limitations

Sample size not reported in abstract
Exposure frequency and detailed exposure conditions not reported (only magnetic field strength in mT)
Duration of exposure and recovery period not specified beyond 'several days'
Endpoints and measurement methods not described in abstract

View raw extracted JSON

{
  "study_type": "animal",
  "exposure": {
    "band": "ELF",
    "source": "offshore wind power",
    "frequency_mhz": null,
    "sar_wkg": null,
    "duration": null
  },
  "population": "Marine fishes: large yellow croaker (Larimichthys crocea) and black sea bream (Acanthopagrus schlegelii)",
  "sample_size": null,
  "outcomes": [
    "Swimming velocity",
    "Antioxidant enzyme response",
    "Stress response",
    "Immune system activation",
    "Nutrient absorption capacity",
    "Reversibility after recovery"
  ],
  "main_findings": "When exposed to magnetic field strengths of 1.5 mT and 2.0 mT, swimming velocity of both fish species was reduced and antioxidant enzymes showed a protective response. At 2.0 mT, stress response was higher in A. schlegelii and immune systems of both species were activated; nutrient absorption capacity showed no significant effect, and affected markers showed signs of reversibility after several days of recovery.",
  "effect_direction": "mixed",
  "limitations": [
    "Sample size not reported in abstract",
    "Exposure frequency and detailed exposure conditions not reported (only magnetic field strength in mT)",
    "Duration of exposure and recovery period not specified beyond 'several days'",
    "Endpoints and measurement methods not described in abstract"
  ],
  "evidence_strength": "low",
  "confidence": 0.74,
  "peer_reviewed_likely": "yes",
  "keywords": [
    "offshore wind farms",
    "electromagnetic radiation",
    "magnetic field strength",
    "mT",
    "marine fish",
    "Larimichthys crocea",
    "Acanthopagrus schlegelii",
    "behavior",
    "physiology",
    "oxidative stress",
    "immune response"
  ],
  "suggested_hubs": [
    {
      "slug": "offshore-wind-emf",
      "weight": 0.9,
      "reason": "Study examines magnetic-field exposure attributed to offshore wind power and effects on marine fish physiology/behavior."
    }
  ]
}

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AI-extracted fields are generated from the abstract and metadata and may be incomplete or incorrect. This material is for informational purposes and is not medical advice.

Identifiers and source

DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2025.117633
PubMed: 39921984

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