The science, in plain language
Here are the studies and rulings we cite most, with links so you can read them yourself. Critiques are included.
Animal studies
NTP Technical Report 595 (2018)
Rats were exposed to 900 MHz GSM or CDMA cell phone RF in the womb, during nursing and for up to two years. The NTP found "clear evidence of carcinogenic activity" in male rats based on malignant schwannoma of the heart. Brain gliomas were "also related to RFR exposure." Evidence in females was "equivocal."
NTP TR-595Ramazzini Institute (Falcioni et al., 2018)
2,448 rats were exposed from before birth until natural death to a 1.8 GHz GSM field like a cell tower's emissions. Male rats at the highest dose had a statistically significant increase in heart schwannomas. The authors wrote that the results "reinforce the results of the NTP study."
Environ Res 2018;165:496-503What critics say
Germany's Federal Office for Radiation Protection (BfS) said the Ramazzini tumor rates were within historical variation and questioned the statistics and dosimetry. The FDA's 2020 review also criticized the exposure estimates. Both critics agree the exposure was low.
Policy
Environmental Health Trust v. FCC (2021)
On Aug. 13, 2021 the D.C. Circuit held the FCC's decision to keep its RF limits unchanged was "arbitrary and capricious," faulting it for not responding to evidence on non-cancer effects, children, the environment, long-term exposure and modulation. The case was remanded to the FCC.
Read the decisionSection 704
Section 704 of the 1996 Telecom Act prevents local governments from denying cell-tower placements solely on the "environmental effects" of RF emissions if FCC limits are met. RF Safe asks why it still keeps school boards and councils from weighing health concerns.
rfsafe.com/704Public Law 90-602
The 1968 Electronic Product Radiation Control Act requires HHS to run an ongoing radiation-control program for electronic products, including non-ionizing emissions. RF Safe calls it a "sleeping mandate" and says RF health oversight belongs with health agencies.
rfsafe.com/hhsPhones and SAR
SAR (Specific Absorption Rate) is the rate at which the body absorbs RF energy from a phone, measured at the head and body. SAR is not the whole story, but it is a useful tool when treated honestly.
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