Manipulating heat shock protein expression in laboratory animals.

Methods (San Diego, Calif.) · 2005 · Unclear · Insufficient evidence

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UnclearInsufficient evidencePaper 6403

Study snapshot

PublicationMethods (San Diego, Calif.) · 2005

Study typereview

Reported directionUnclear

Evidence ratingInsufficient

Abstract

Upregulation of heat shock proteins (Hsps) has been observed to impart resistance to a wide variety of physical and chemical insults. Elucidation of the role of Hsps in cellular defense processes depends, in part, on the ability to manipulate Hsp expression in laboratory animals. Simple methods of inducing whole body hyperthermia, such as warm water immersion or heating pad application, are effective in producing generalized expression of Hsps. Hsps can be upregulated locally with focused direct or indirect heating, such as with ultrasound or with laser or microwave radiation. Increased Hsp expression in response to toxic doses of xenobiotics has been commonly observed. Some pharmacologic agents are capable of altering Hsps more specifically by affecting processes involved in Hsp regulation. Gene manipulation offers the ability to selectively increase or decrease individual Hsps. Knockout mouse strains and Hsp-overexpressing transgenics have been used successfully to examine the role of specific Hsps in protection against hyperthermia, chemical insults, and ischemia-reperfusion injury. Gene therapy approaches also offer the possibility of selective alteration of Hsp expression. Some methods of increasing Hsp expression have application in specialized areas of research, such cold response, myocardial protection from exercise, and responses to stressful or traumatic stimuli. Each method of manipulating Hsp expression in laboratory animals has advantages and disadvantages, and selection of the best method depends upon the experimental objectives (e.g., the alteration in Hsp expression needed, its timing, and its location) and resources available.

Machine Enhanced Logic

AI evidence extraction

Structured fields below were generated from the paper’s abstract and metadata to make the evidence easier to inspect. Automated extraction may be incomplete or incorrect; verify important details against the original paper.

Study typereview

Effect directionunclear

Populationlaboratory animals

Sample sizeNot supplied

ExposureNot supplied

Evidence strengthInsufficientConfidence: 66% · Peer reviewed: yes

Main findings

This methods-focused review describes approaches to manipulate heat shock protein expression in laboratory animals, including whole-body hyperthermia and localized heating methods such as ultrasound, laser, or microwave radiation. It notes that these approaches can induce generalized or local upregulation of Hsps and that genetic manipulations (knockouts, transgenics, gene therapy) have been used to study roles of specific Hsps in protection against hyperthermia, chemical insults, and ischemia-reperfusion injury.

Outcomes measured

heat shock protein (Hsp) expression
resistance/protection against physical and chemical insults
protection against hyperthermia
responses to chemical insults (xenobiotics)
ischemia-reperfusion injury

Limitations

Narrative/methods review; does not report a single experimental dataset in the abstract
No quantitative exposure parameters (e.g., microwave frequency, SAR, duration) provided in the abstract
No sample sizes or effect estimates reported in the abstract

View raw extracted JSON

{
  "study_type": "review",
  "exposure": {
    "band": null,
    "source": "microwave radiation",
    "frequency_mhz": null,
    "sar_wkg": null,
    "duration": null
  },
  "population": "laboratory animals",
  "sample_size": null,
  "outcomes": [
    "heat shock protein (Hsp) expression",
    "resistance/protection against physical and chemical insults",
    "protection against hyperthermia",
    "responses to chemical insults (xenobiotics)",
    "ischemia-reperfusion injury"
  ],
  "main_findings": "This methods-focused review describes approaches to manipulate heat shock protein expression in laboratory animals, including whole-body hyperthermia and localized heating methods such as ultrasound, laser, or microwave radiation. It notes that these approaches can induce generalized or local upregulation of Hsps and that genetic manipulations (knockouts, transgenics, gene therapy) have been used to study roles of specific Hsps in protection against hyperthermia, chemical insults, and ischemia-reperfusion injury.",
  "effect_direction": "unclear",
  "limitations": [
    "Narrative/methods review; does not report a single experimental dataset in the abstract",
    "No quantitative exposure parameters (e.g., microwave frequency, SAR, duration) provided in the abstract",
    "No sample sizes or effect estimates reported in the abstract"
  ],
  "evidence_strength": "insufficient",
  "confidence": 0.66,
  "peer_reviewed_likely": "yes",
  "keywords": [
    "heat shock proteins",
    "Hsp",
    "hyperthermia",
    "warm water immersion",
    "heating pad",
    "ultrasound",
    "laser",
    "microwave radiation",
    "xenobiotics",
    "pharmacologic agents",
    "gene manipulation",
    "knockout mice",
    "transgenic",
    "gene therapy",
    "ischemia-reperfusion injury"
  ],
  "suggested_hubs": []
}

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AI-extracted fields are generated from the abstract and metadata and may be incomplete or incorrect. This material is for informational purposes and is not medical advice.

Identifiers and source

DOI: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2004.08.005
PubMed: 15649841

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