Effect of microwave radiation on the stability of frozen cefoxitin sodium solution in plastic bags.

American journal of hospital pharmacy · 1981 · No effect · Low evidence

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No effectLow evidencePaper 6007

Frozen cefoxitin sodium admixtures thawed by microwave radiation showed no significant changes in drug concentration, no visible appearance changes, and only minimal pH changes before vs after the freeze-thaw process.

Study snapshot

PublicationAmerican journal of hospital pharmacy · 1981

Study typeother

Reported directionNo effect

Evidence ratingLow

Abstract

The effect of microwave radiation on the stability of frozen cefoxitin sodium solutions was investigated. The i.v. fluids used as vehicles for the 1-g admixtures of cefoxitin sodium were 5% dextrose injection and 0.9% sodium chloride injection in 50-ml and 100-ml polyvinyl chloride flexible containers. The antibiotic small-volume parenteral solutions were frozen at -20 degrees C for 72 hours and thawed by microwave radiation. Before and after the freeze-thaw process, the solutions were observed for changes in appearance with a light and dark field visual surveillance technique. In addition, pH determinations were made with a microprocessor ionanalyzer, and high-performance liquid chromatographic determinations of concentration were performed. No significant drug concentration changes were detected and no visible changes were observed. The pH changes were minimal. Microwave radiation can reduce thawing time of antibiotic admixtures. In this study, the stability of cefoxitin sodium solutions was not affected by the freeze-thaw process.

Machine Enhanced Logic

AI evidence extraction

Structured fields below were generated from the paper’s abstract and metadata to make the evidence easier to inspect. Automated extraction may be incomplete or incorrect; verify important details against the original paper.

Study typeother

Effect directionno_effect

PopulationNot supplied

Sample sizeNot supplied

Exposuremicrowave · used to thaw after 72 hours frozen at -20°C

Evidence strengthLowConfidence: 74% · Peer reviewed: yes

Main findings

Outcomes measured

Drug concentration (HPLC)
Appearance/visible changes (light and dark field visual surveillance)
pH

Limitations

Microwave exposure parameters (e.g., frequency, power, duration) not reported in abstract
Sample size not reported in abstract
Study evaluates pharmaceutical stability rather than biological/health outcomes

View raw extracted JSON

{
  "study_type": "other",
  "exposure": {
    "band": "microwave",
    "source": "microwave radiation (thawing)",
    "frequency_mhz": null,
    "sar_wkg": null,
    "duration": "used to thaw after 72 hours frozen at -20°C"
  },
  "population": null,
  "sample_size": null,
  "outcomes": [
    "Drug concentration (HPLC)",
    "Appearance/visible changes (light and dark field visual surveillance)",
    "pH"
  ],
  "main_findings": "Frozen cefoxitin sodium admixtures thawed by microwave radiation showed no significant changes in drug concentration, no visible appearance changes, and only minimal pH changes before vs after the freeze-thaw process.",
  "effect_direction": "no_effect",
  "limitations": [
    "Microwave exposure parameters (e.g., frequency, power, duration) not reported in abstract",
    "Sample size not reported in abstract",
    "Study evaluates pharmaceutical stability rather than biological/health outcomes"
  ],
  "evidence_strength": "low",
  "confidence": 0.74,
  "peer_reviewed_likely": "yes",
  "keywords": [
    "microwave radiation",
    "cefoxitin sodium",
    "freeze-thaw",
    "stability",
    "polyvinyl chloride bags",
    "HPLC",
    "pH",
    "parenteral solutions"
  ],
  "suggested_hubs": []
}

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AI-extracted fields are generated from the abstract and metadata and may be incomplete or incorrect. This material is for informational purposes and is not medical advice.

Identifiers and source

DOI: Not supplied
PubMed: 7304629

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