Lack of effect of 2.45-GHz microwave radiation on the development of preimplantation embryos of mice.

Bioelectromagnetics · 1982 · No effect · Low evidence

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No effectLow evidencePaper 5988

Heat stress (38°C, 62% RH for 3 h on day 2) caused stunted embryo development. No remarkable effect of 2.45-GHz microwave exposure (9 or 19 mW/cm2 for 3 h on day 2 or 3) was found on development of preimplantation embryos.

Study snapshot

PublicationBioelectromagnetics · 1982

Study typeanimal

Reported directionNo effect

Evidence ratingLow

Abstract

The development of preimplantation embryos after exposure to microwave radiation was studied. Female CD-1 mice were induced to superovulate, mated, and exposed to 2.45-GHz microwave or sham radiation for 3 h at power densities of 9 mW/cm2 and 19 mW/cm2 on either day 2 or 3 of pregnancy (plug day was considered day 1). Another group of mice was exposed to heat stress by placing the dams in an environmental room at an ambient temperature of 38 degrees C and relative humidity at 62% for 3 h on day 2 of pregnancy. All groups were euthanized on day 4 of pregnancy and embryos were recovered by flushing excised uterine horns. Embryos were examined for abnormalities and classified by the developmental stages. They were then treated with hypotonic solution and dissociated for counting blastomeres. Heat stress caused stunted development of embryos, but no remarkable effect of microwave radiation could be found on the development of preimplantation embryos.

Machine Enhanced Logic

AI evidence extraction

Structured fields below were generated from the paper’s abstract and metadata to make the evidence easier to inspect. Automated extraction may be incomplete or incorrect; verify important details against the original paper.

Study typeanimal

Effect directionno_effect

PopulationFemale CD-1 mice (pregnant; preimplantation embryos assessed)

Sample sizeNot supplied

Exposuremicrowave · 2450 MHz · 3 h (on day 2 or 3 of pregnancy)

Evidence strengthLowConfidence: 78% · Peer reviewed: yes

Main findings

Outcomes measured

Embryo developmental stage
Embryo abnormalities
Blastomere count
Stunted embryo development (heat stress comparison)

Limitations

Sample size not reported in abstract
Specific exposure setup/dosimetry beyond power density not reported (e.g., SAR)
Outcomes assessed only up to day 4 of pregnancy (preimplantation stage)

View raw extracted JSON

{
  "study_type": "animal",
  "exposure": {
    "band": "microwave",
    "source": null,
    "frequency_mhz": 2450,
    "sar_wkg": null,
    "duration": "3 h (on day 2 or 3 of pregnancy)"
  },
  "population": "Female CD-1 mice (pregnant; preimplantation embryos assessed)",
  "sample_size": null,
  "outcomes": [
    "Embryo developmental stage",
    "Embryo abnormalities",
    "Blastomere count",
    "Stunted embryo development (heat stress comparison)"
  ],
  "main_findings": "Heat stress (38°C, 62% RH for 3 h on day 2) caused stunted embryo development. No remarkable effect of 2.45-GHz microwave exposure (9 or 19 mW/cm2 for 3 h on day 2 or 3) was found on development of preimplantation embryos.",
  "effect_direction": "no_effect",
  "limitations": [
    "Sample size not reported in abstract",
    "Specific exposure setup/dosimetry beyond power density not reported (e.g., SAR)",
    "Outcomes assessed only up to day 4 of pregnancy (preimplantation stage)"
  ],
  "evidence_strength": "low",
  "confidence": 0.78,
  "peer_reviewed_likely": "yes",
  "keywords": [
    "2.45 GHz",
    "microwave radiation",
    "mouse",
    "CD-1",
    "pregnancy",
    "preimplantation embryo",
    "power density",
    "heat stress",
    "developmental toxicity"
  ],
  "suggested_hubs": []
}

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AI-extracted fields are generated from the abstract and metadata and may be incomplete or incorrect. This material is for informational purposes and is not medical advice.

Identifiers and source

DOI: 10.1002/bem.2250030211
PubMed: 7126278

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