Effect of microwave radiation on the beating rate of isolated frog hearts.

Bioelectromagnetics · 1984 · Mixed · Low evidence

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MixedLow evidencePaper 5928

Study snapshot

PublicationBioelectromagnetics · 1984

Study typeanimal

Reported directionMixed

Evidence ratingLow

Abstract

One hundred and two isolated frog hearts were divided into ten groups and placed individually in a waveguide filled with Ringer's solution and exposed to 2,450-MHz CW radiation at 2 and 8.55 W/kg. Heart rate was recorded using one of the following methods: 3-M KCl glass electrode, ultrasound probe, tension transducer, Ringer's solution glass electrode, and a metal wire inserted in the Ringer's solution electrode. An accelerated decrease of heart rate was observed only in those groups recorded using the 3-M KCl electrode and the metal wire Ringer's solution electrode. No effect was found in the other groups. These results indicate that bradycardia in isolated hearts could be caused by electrode artifacts resulting from the intensification of electromagnetic fields.

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AI evidence extraction

Structured fields below were generated from the paper’s abstract and metadata to make the evidence easier to inspect. Automated extraction may be incomplete or incorrect; verify important details against the original paper.

Study typeanimal

Effect directionmixed

PopulationIsolated frog hearts

Sample size102

Exposuremicrowave · 2450 MHz

Evidence strengthLowConfidence: 78% · Peer reviewed: yes

Main findings

Isolated frog hearts exposed to 2,450-MHz continuous-wave radiation at 2 and 8.55 W/kg showed an accelerated decrease in heart rate only in groups where heart rate was recorded using a 3-M KCl glass electrode or a metal wire in the Ringer's solution electrode. No effect was found in groups recorded with ultrasound probe, tension transducer, or Ringer's solution glass electrode. The authors attribute the observed bradycardia to electrode artifacts from intensified electromagnetic fields rather than a direct exposure effect.

Outcomes measured

Heart rate (beating rate)
Bradycardia (decrease of heart rate)

Limitations

Outcome depended on measurement method, suggesting potential instrumentation/electrode artifacts
Exposure duration not reported in abstract
Details of group sizes and randomization not reported in abstract

View raw extracted JSON

{
  "study_type": "animal",
  "exposure": {
    "band": "microwave",
    "source": null,
    "frequency_mhz": 2450,
    "sar_wkg": null,
    "duration": null
  },
  "population": "Isolated frog hearts",
  "sample_size": 102,
  "outcomes": [
    "Heart rate (beating rate)",
    "Bradycardia (decrease of heart rate)"
  ],
  "main_findings": "Isolated frog hearts exposed to 2,450-MHz continuous-wave radiation at 2 and 8.55 W/kg showed an accelerated decrease in heart rate only in groups where heart rate was recorded using a 3-M KCl glass electrode or a metal wire in the Ringer's solution electrode. No effect was found in groups recorded with ultrasound probe, tension transducer, or Ringer's solution glass electrode. The authors attribute the observed bradycardia to electrode artifacts from intensified electromagnetic fields rather than a direct exposure effect.",
  "effect_direction": "mixed",
  "limitations": [
    "Outcome depended on measurement method, suggesting potential instrumentation/electrode artifacts",
    "Exposure duration not reported in abstract",
    "Details of group sizes and randomization not reported in abstract"
  ],
  "evidence_strength": "low",
  "confidence": 0.78,
  "peer_reviewed_likely": "yes",
  "keywords": [
    "microwave radiation",
    "2450 MHz",
    "continuous wave",
    "SAR",
    "frog heart",
    "heart rate",
    "bradycardia",
    "electrode artifact",
    "waveguide",
    "Ringer's solution"
  ],
  "suggested_hubs": []
}

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AI-extracted fields are generated from the abstract and metadata and may be incomplete or incorrect. This material is for informational purposes and is not medical advice.

Identifiers and source

DOI: 10.1002/bem.2250050213
PubMed: 6732881

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