Modeling Radiofrequency Electromagnetic Field Wearable Distributed (Multi-Location) Measurements System for Evaluating Electromagnetic Hazards in the Work Environment.

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025 · Benefit · Low evidence

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BenefitLow evidencePaper 5883

Study snapshot

PublicationSensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025

Study typeengineering

Reported directionBenefit

Evidence ratingLow

Abstract

The investigations examined a potential reduction in discrepancies between the values of the unperturbed radiofrequency (RF) electromagnetic field (EMF) and values of the EMF measured by wearable equipment (personal exposure meters) impacted by the proximity of the human body. This was done by modelling distributed wearable (multi-location, with up to seven simultaneously locations) measurements. The performed numerical simulations mimicked distributed measurements in 24 environmental exposure scenarios (recognized as virtual measurements) covered: the horizontal or vertical propagation of the EMF and electric field vector polarization corresponding to typical conditions of far-field exposure from wireless communication systems (at a frequency of 100-3600 MHz). Physical tests using three EMF probes for simultaneous measurements have been also performed. Studies showed that the discrepancy in assessing EMF exposure by an on-body equipment and the parameters of the unperturbed EMF in the location under inspection (mimicking the contribution to measurement uncertainty from the human body proximity) may be significantly reduced by the appropriate use of a distributed measurement system. The use of averaged values, from at least three simultaneous measurements at relevant locations on the body, may reduce the uncertainty approximately threefold.

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AI evidence extraction

Structured fields below were generated from the paper’s abstract and metadata to make the evidence easier to inspect. Automated extraction may be incomplete or incorrect; verify important details against the original paper.

Study typeengineering

Effect directionbenefit

PopulationNot supplied

Sample sizeNot supplied

ExposureRF

Evidence strengthLowConfidence: 78% · Peer reviewed: yes

Main findings

Numerical simulations (24 virtual exposure scenarios, 100–3600 MHz) and physical tests with three probes suggested that discrepancies between unperturbed RF EMF and on-body personal exposure meter readings due to body proximity can be reduced using distributed multi-location measurements. Averaging at least three simultaneous on-body measurements at relevant locations was reported to reduce uncertainty by approximately threefold.

Outcomes measured

Discrepancy between unperturbed RF EMF and on-body measured EMF values
Measurement uncertainty due to human body proximity
Reduction in uncertainty using distributed (multi-location) wearable measurements

Limitations

Primarily modeling/numerical simulations with limited description of physical test conditions in the abstract
Exposure scenarios described as far-field conditions; applicability to other exposure geometries not stated
No details provided on specific wearable device models, calibration, or measurement protocols in the abstract

View raw extracted JSON

{
  "study_type": "engineering",
  "exposure": {
    "band": "RF",
    "source": "wearable personal exposure meters; far-field wireless communication systems",
    "frequency_mhz": null,
    "sar_wkg": null,
    "duration": null
  },
  "population": null,
  "sample_size": null,
  "outcomes": [
    "Discrepancy between unperturbed RF EMF and on-body measured EMF values",
    "Measurement uncertainty due to human body proximity",
    "Reduction in uncertainty using distributed (multi-location) wearable measurements"
  ],
  "main_findings": "Numerical simulations (24 virtual exposure scenarios, 100–3600 MHz) and physical tests with three probes suggested that discrepancies between unperturbed RF EMF and on-body personal exposure meter readings due to body proximity can be reduced using distributed multi-location measurements. Averaging at least three simultaneous on-body measurements at relevant locations was reported to reduce uncertainty by approximately threefold.",
  "effect_direction": "benefit",
  "limitations": [
    "Primarily modeling/numerical simulations with limited description of physical test conditions in the abstract",
    "Exposure scenarios described as far-field conditions; applicability to other exposure geometries not stated",
    "No details provided on specific wearable device models, calibration, or measurement protocols in the abstract"
  ],
  "evidence_strength": "low",
  "confidence": 0.78,
  "peer_reviewed_likely": "yes",
  "keywords": [
    "radiofrequency",
    "EMF",
    "wearable",
    "personal exposure meter",
    "distributed measurements",
    "multi-location",
    "measurement uncertainty",
    "human body proximity",
    "numerical simulation",
    "far-field",
    "wireless communication systems",
    "100–3600 MHz"
  ],
  "suggested_hubs": [
    {
      "slug": "occupational-exposure",
      "weight": 0.86,
      "reason": "Focuses on evaluating electromagnetic hazards/exposure assessment in the work environment using wearable measurements."
    }
  ]
}

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AI-extracted fields are generated from the abstract and metadata and may be incomplete or incorrect. This material is for informational purposes and is not medical advice.

Identifiers and source

DOI: 10.3390/s25154607
PubMed: 40807772

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