RF Safe

Electromagnetic field as a possible inhibitor of tumor invasion by declining E-cadherin/N-cadherin switching in triple negative breast cancer.

Electromagnetic biology and medicine · 2024 · Benefit · Very low evidence

← Research stream
BenefitVery low evidencePaper 5844

After exposure to a 1 Hz, 100 mT ELF-EMF for 2 h/day over five days, MDA-MB231 cells showed reduced migration and invasion versus sham. In MDA-MB231 cells, E-cadherin mRNA/protein increased and N-cadherin decreased versus sham; in MCF10A cells, E-cadherin mRN…

Study snapshot

PublicationElectromagnetic biology and medicine · 2024
Study typein_vitro
Reported directionBenefit
Evidence ratingVery low

Abstract

Breast cancer has been recognized as the most common cancer affecting women. Extremely low-frequency electromagnetic field (ELF-EMF) exposure can influence cellular activities such as cell-cell junctions and metastasis. However, more research is required to determine these fields' underlying mechanisms of action. Since cadherin switching is an important process during EMT (epithelial-mesenchymal transition), in this study, cadherin switching was regarded as one of the probable mechanisms of the effect of ELF-EMFs on metastasis suppression. For five days, breast cells received a 1 Hz, 100mT ELF-EMF (2 h/day). Cell invasion and migration were assessed in vitro by the Scratch wound healing assay and Transwell culture chambers. The expression of E- and N-cadherin was assessed using real-time PCR, western blotting, and Immunocytochemistry. ELF-EMF dramatically reduced the migration and invasion of MDA-MB 231 malignant cells compared to sham exposure, according to the results of the scratch test and the Transwell invasion test. The mRNA and protein expression levels of E-cadherin showed an increase, while the N-cadherin expression was found with a decrease, in MDA-MB231 cells receiving 1 Hz EMF compared to sham exposure. E-cadherin's mRNA and protein expression levels were enhanced in MCF10A cells receiving 1 Hz EMF compared to sham exposure. ELF-EMF can be used as a method for the multifaceted treatments of invasive breast cancer.

Machine Enhanced Logic

AI evidence extraction

Structured fields below were generated from the paper’s abstract and metadata to make the evidence easier to inspect. Automated extraction may be incomplete or incorrect; verify important details against the original paper.

Study typein_vitro
Effect directionbenefit
PopulationBreast cell lines (MDA-MB231 triple negative breast cancer cells; MCF10A cells)
Sample sizeNot supplied
ExposureELF · 1e-06 MHz · 2 h/day for five days
Evidence strengthVery lowConfidence: 78% · Peer reviewed: yes

Main findings

After exposure to a 1 Hz, 100 mT ELF-EMF for 2 h/day over five days, MDA-MB231 cells showed reduced migration and invasion versus sham. In MDA-MB231 cells, E-cadherin mRNA/protein increased and N-cadherin decreased versus sham; in MCF10A cells, E-cadherin mRNA/protein increased versus sham.

Outcomes measured

  • Cell migration (scratch wound healing assay)
  • Cell invasion (Transwell invasion assay)
  • E-cadherin mRNA and protein expression (RT-PCR, western blotting, immunocytochemistry)
  • N-cadherin expression (RT-PCR, western blotting, immunocytochemistry)
  • Cadherin switching/EMT-related markers

Limitations

  • In vitro study (cell culture), not human or animal outcomes
  • Sample size not reported in abstract
  • Only one exposure condition reported (1 Hz, 100 mT; 2 h/day for five days)
  • Mechanistic scope limited to cadherin expression and functional migration/invasion assays as described
View raw extracted JSON
{
  "study_type": "in_vitro",
  "exposure": {
    "band": "ELF",
    "source": null,
    "frequency_mhz": 1e-06,
    "sar_wkg": null,
    "duration": "2 h/day for five days"
  },
  "population": "Breast cell lines (MDA-MB231 triple negative breast cancer cells; MCF10A cells)",
  "sample_size": null,
  "outcomes": [
    "Cell migration (scratch wound healing assay)",
    "Cell invasion (Transwell invasion assay)",
    "E-cadherin mRNA and protein expression (RT-PCR, western blotting, immunocytochemistry)",
    "N-cadherin expression (RT-PCR, western blotting, immunocytochemistry)",
    "Cadherin switching/EMT-related markers"
  ],
  "main_findings": "After exposure to a 1 Hz, 100 mT ELF-EMF for 2 h/day over five days, MDA-MB231 cells showed reduced migration and invasion versus sham. In MDA-MB231 cells, E-cadherin mRNA/protein increased and N-cadherin decreased versus sham; in MCF10A cells, E-cadherin mRNA/protein increased versus sham.",
  "effect_direction": "benefit",
  "limitations": [
    "In vitro study (cell culture), not human or animal outcomes",
    "Sample size not reported in abstract",
    "Only one exposure condition reported (1 Hz, 100 mT; 2 h/day for five days)",
    "Mechanistic scope limited to cadherin expression and functional migration/invasion assays as described"
  ],
  "evidence_strength": "very_low",
  "confidence": 0.78,
  "peer_reviewed_likely": "yes",
  "keywords": [
    "ELF-EMF",
    "extremely low-frequency electromagnetic field",
    "1 Hz",
    "100 mT",
    "triple negative breast cancer",
    "MDA-MB231",
    "MCF10A",
    "migration",
    "invasion",
    "E-cadherin",
    "N-cadherin",
    "cadherin switching",
    "EMT"
  ],
  "suggested_hubs": []
}
AI can be wrong. Always verify against the paper.

AI-extracted fields are generated from the abstract and metadata and may be incomplete or incorrect. This material is for informational purposes and is not medical advice.

Identifiers and source

DOI: 10.1080/15368378.2024.2381575
PubMed: 39045872

Read the original paper →

Related papers

← Back to the Research Library