Enhanced dechlorination of trichloroethene by sulfidated microscale zero-valent iron under low-frequency AC electromagnetic field.

Journal of hazardous materials · 2022 · Benefit · Low evidence

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BenefitLow evidencePaper 5676

Study snapshot

PublicationJournal of hazardous materials · 2022

Study typeother

Reported directionBenefit

Evidence ratingLow

Abstract

In this study an electromagnetic heating strategy is proposed for remediation of trichloroethene (TCE) by ball milled, sulfidated microscale zero valent iron (S-mZVI) particles. S-mZVI is ferromagnetic, which generates heat under the application of a low-frequency alternating current electromagnetic field (AC EMF). We found that the temperature reached up to ~120 ℃ during 30-min electromagnetic induction heating of 10 g/L S-mZVI (with S/Fe molar ratio of 0.1), compared with ~55 ℃ and ~80 ℃ for ZVI and ball milled mZVI, respectively. The application of AC EMF accelerated the TCE degradation rate (k = 5.5 × 10 h) by up to 4-fold without compromising or even enhancing electron efficiency of S-mZVI compared to no-heating. Furthermore, this process halved the generation of chlorinated intermediate, cis-DCE. In contrast, water-bath heating only increased the dechlorination rate 2-fold with unchanged cis-DCE generation and lowered electron efficiency. This is attributed to both rising temperature by induction heating and accelerated ZVI corrosion and surface Fe exposure caused by AC EMF. In real groundwater, the AC EMF maintained the same promoting effects for TCE dechlorination by S-mZVI. This study shows that combination of filed-scale available AC EMF with S-mZVI provides a promising approach for remediation of chlorinated hydrocarbons in contaminated groundwater.

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AI evidence extraction

Structured fields below were generated from the paper’s abstract and metadata to make the evidence easier to inspect. Automated extraction may be incomplete or incorrect; verify important details against the original paper.

Study typeother

Effect directionbenefit

PopulationNot supplied

Sample sizeNot supplied

ExposureELF · 30-min electromagnetic induction heating

Evidence strengthLowConfidence: 74% · Peer reviewed: yes

Main findings

Sulfidated microscale zero-valent iron (S-mZVI) generated substantially higher temperatures under low-frequency AC electromagnetic field induction heating (~120 °C in 30 min at 10 g/L) than ZVI (~55 °C) or ball-milled mZVI (~80 °C). Applying AC EMF increased the TCE degradation rate up to 4-fold, maintained or enhanced electron efficiency, and halved cis-DCE generation versus no-heating; water-bath heating increased rate 2-fold with unchanged cis-DCE and lowered electron efficiency. Similar promoting effects were observed in real groundwater.

Outcomes measured

Temperature increase during induction heating
Trichloroethene (TCE) degradation/dechlorination rate
Electron efficiency of S-mZVI
Generation of chlorinated intermediate cis-DCE
Performance in real groundwater

Limitations

Frequency and field strength of the AC EMF are not specified in the abstract.
No explicit sample sizes/number of replicates reported in the abstract.
Study is an engineering/chemical remediation context; no biological or health outcomes assessed.

View raw extracted JSON

{
  "study_type": "other",
  "exposure": {
    "band": "ELF",
    "source": "other",
    "frequency_mhz": null,
    "sar_wkg": null,
    "duration": "30-min electromagnetic induction heating"
  },
  "population": null,
  "sample_size": null,
  "outcomes": [
    "Temperature increase during induction heating",
    "Trichloroethene (TCE) degradation/dechlorination rate",
    "Electron efficiency of S-mZVI",
    "Generation of chlorinated intermediate cis-DCE",
    "Performance in real groundwater"
  ],
  "main_findings": "Sulfidated microscale zero-valent iron (S-mZVI) generated substantially higher temperatures under low-frequency AC electromagnetic field induction heating (~120 °C in 30 min at 10 g/L) than ZVI (~55 °C) or ball-milled mZVI (~80 °C). Applying AC EMF increased the TCE degradation rate up to 4-fold, maintained or enhanced electron efficiency, and halved cis-DCE generation versus no-heating; water-bath heating increased rate 2-fold with unchanged cis-DCE and lowered electron efficiency. Similar promoting effects were observed in real groundwater.",
  "effect_direction": "benefit",
  "limitations": [
    "Frequency and field strength of the AC EMF are not specified in the abstract.",
    "No explicit sample sizes/number of replicates reported in the abstract.",
    "Study is an engineering/chemical remediation context; no biological or health outcomes assessed."
  ],
  "evidence_strength": "low",
  "confidence": 0.74,
  "peer_reviewed_likely": "yes",
  "keywords": [
    "alternating current electromagnetic field",
    "AC EMF",
    "electromagnetic induction heating",
    "low-frequency",
    "ELF",
    "sulfidated microscale zero-valent iron",
    "S-mZVI",
    "trichloroethene",
    "TCE",
    "dechlorination",
    "groundwater remediation",
    "cis-DCE"
  ],
  "suggested_hubs": []
}

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AI-extracted fields are generated from the abstract and metadata and may be incomplete or incorrect. This material is for informational purposes and is not medical advice.

Identifiers and source

DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.127020
PubMed: 34481402

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