Exposure to pulsed high-frequency electromagnetic field during waking affects human sleep EEG.

{
  "study_type": "randomized_trial",
  "exposure": {
    "band": "RF",
    "source": "mobile phone",
    "frequency_mhz": 900,
    "sar_wkg": 1,
    "duration": "30 min"
  },
  "population": "Healthy, young male subjects",
  "sample_size": null,
  "outcomes": [
    "Sleep EEG spectral power (non-rapid eye movement sleep)",
    "EEG power in 9.75–11.25 Hz band",
    "EEG power in 12.5–13.25 Hz band",
    "Hemispheric asymmetry of EEG power (unilateral exposure)"
  ],
  "main_findings": "Compared with sham exposure, 30 min exposure to 900 MHz EMF (spatial peak SAR 1 W/kg) during waking was associated with increased EEG spectral power during subsequent non-rapid eye movement sleep, with the maximum rise in the 9.75–11.25 Hz and 12.5–13.25 Hz bands early in sleep. Unilateral exposure did not induce hemispheric asymmetry of EEG power.",
  "effect_direction": "mixed",
  "limitations": [
    "Sample size not reported in the abstract",
    "Population limited to healthy, young male subjects (generalizability unclear)",
    "Only short-term exposure (30 min) and short-term outcomes reported"
  ],
  "evidence_strength": "low",
  "confidence": 0.74,
  "peer_reviewed_likely": "yes",
  "keywords": [
    "radiofrequency",
    "900 MHz",
    "mobile phone",
    "digital radiotelephone",
    "specific absorption rate",
    "SAR",
    "sleep",
    "EEG",
    "non-REM",
    "spectral power",
    "sham exposure",
    "pulsed high-frequency EMF"
  ],
  "suggested_hubs": [
    {
      "slug": "mobile-phones",
      "weight": 0.9,
      "reason": "Exposure described as EMF emitted by digital radiotelephone handsets at 900 MHz with SAR reported."
    },
    {
      "slug": "sleep-eeg",
      "weight": 0.85,
      "reason": "Primary outcome is changes in non-REM sleep EEG spectral power following exposure."
    }
  ]
}