X-ray-induced apoptosis of BEL-7402 cell line enhanced by extremely low frequency electromagnetic field in vitro.

Bioelectromagnetics · 2009 · Mixed · Very low evidence

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MixedVery low evidencePaper 4978

In BEL-7402 liver cancer cells, apoptosis induced by low-dose X-ray irradiation was reported to be significantly increased when combined with ELF-EMF exposure compared with sham EMF. More EMF exposures were associated with higher apoptosis rates when combined…

Study snapshot

PublicationBioelectromagnetics · 2009

Study typein_vitro

Reported directionMixed

Evidence ratingVery low

Abstract

This study was designed to test whether extremely low frequency electromagnetic field (ELF-EMF) could enhance the apoptosis-induction effect of X-ray radiotherapy on liver cancer cell line BEL-7402 in vitro. EMF exposure was performed inside an energized solenoid coil. X-ray irradiation was performed using a linear accelerator. Apoptosis rates of BEL-7402 cells were analyzed using Annexin V-Fit Apoptosis Detection kit. Apoptosis rates of EMF group and sham EMF group were compared when combined with X-ray irradiation. Our results suggested that the apoptosis rate of BEL-7402 cells exposed to low doses of X-ray irradiation could be significantly increased by EMF. More EMF exposures obtain significantly higher apoptosis rates than fewer EMF exposures when combined with 2 Gy X-ray irradiation. These findings suggested that ELF-EMF could augment the cell apoptosis effects of low doses of X-ray irradiation on BEL-7402 cells in a synergistic and cumulative way.

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AI evidence extraction

Structured fields below were generated from the paper’s abstract and metadata to make the evidence easier to inspect. Automated extraction may be incomplete or incorrect; verify important details against the original paper.

Study typein_vitro

Effect directionmixed

PopulationBEL-7402 liver cancer cell line (in vitro)

Sample sizeNot supplied

ExposureELF

Evidence strengthVery lowConfidence: 74% · Peer reviewed: yes

Main findings

Outcomes measured

Apoptosis rate (Annexin V assay)

Limitations

In vitro cell line study; findings may not generalize to humans or clinical radiotherapy outcomes
ELF-EMF exposure parameters (e.g., frequency, field strength, exposure duration) not provided in the abstract
Sample size and replication details not reported in the abstract
Outcome limited to apoptosis rate measured by Annexin V assay

View raw extracted JSON

{
  "study_type": "in_vitro",
  "exposure": {
    "band": "ELF",
    "source": "energized solenoid coil",
    "frequency_mhz": null,
    "sar_wkg": null,
    "duration": null
  },
  "population": "BEL-7402 liver cancer cell line (in vitro)",
  "sample_size": null,
  "outcomes": [
    "Apoptosis rate (Annexin V assay)"
  ],
  "main_findings": "In BEL-7402 liver cancer cells, apoptosis induced by low-dose X-ray irradiation was reported to be significantly increased when combined with ELF-EMF exposure compared with sham EMF. More EMF exposures were associated with higher apoptosis rates when combined with 2 Gy X-ray irradiation, suggesting a cumulative/synergistic effect in this in vitro setting.",
  "effect_direction": "mixed",
  "limitations": [
    "In vitro cell line study; findings may not generalize to humans or clinical radiotherapy outcomes",
    "ELF-EMF exposure parameters (e.g., frequency, field strength, exposure duration) not provided in the abstract",
    "Sample size and replication details not reported in the abstract",
    "Outcome limited to apoptosis rate measured by Annexin V assay"
  ],
  "evidence_strength": "very_low",
  "confidence": 0.74,
  "peer_reviewed_likely": "yes",
  "keywords": [
    "extremely low frequency electromagnetic field",
    "ELF-EMF",
    "X-ray",
    "radiotherapy",
    "apoptosis",
    "BEL-7402",
    "liver cancer",
    "in vitro",
    "Annexin V",
    "solenoid coil"
  ],
  "suggested_hubs": []
}

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AI-extracted fields are generated from the abstract and metadata and may be incomplete or incorrect. This material is for informational purposes and is not medical advice.

Identifiers and source

DOI: 10.1002/bem.20461
PubMed: 19051321

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