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The effects of low electromagnetic field and lead acetate combination on some hemato-biochemical and immunotoxicological parameters in mice.

Turkish journal of haematology : official journal of Turkish Society of Haematology · 2009 · Mixed · Low evidence

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MixedLow evidencePaper 4936

Compared with controls, ELF-EMF exposure (2 mT, 50 Hz; 4 h/day for 30 days) increased RBC, WBC, and platelet counts and increased phagocytosis measures. Lead acetate alone was associated with anemia/leukopenia and reduced phagocytosis at the highest dose. Com…

Study snapshot

PublicationTurkish journal of haematology : official journal of Turkish Society of Haematology · 2009
Study typeanimal
Reported directionMixed
Evidence ratingLow

Abstract

OBJECTIVE: The present study was carried out to investigate the potential effects of extremely low-frequency electromagnetic fields (ELF-EMF) and lead acetate on some hemato-biochemical, immune and pathologic variables in mice. METHODS: A total of 90 female mice were equally divided into six groups. (Gp. 1) kept as control, (Gp. 2) exposed to EMF of 2 millitesla (mT) intensity and 50 Hz frequency (4h/day) for 30 days, (Gps. 3 and 4) were administered lead acetate orally at doses 1 and 5 mg/kg BW, respectively for 30 days. The last 2 groups (5, 6) were exposed to EMF- lead combination for the same period. RESULTS: EMF exposure induced a significant increase in RBCs (p<0.001), WBCs (p<0.01) and platelets (p<0.001) counts, compared to control. However, anemia and leukopenia were recorded with oral administration of Pb acetate. The phagocytosis % and phagocytic index were significantly (p<0.05) increased in mice exposed to EMF for 30 days, but decreased (p<0.01) in the animals given the highest dose of lead. Comparing to unexposed mice, significant variation in biochemical parameters (glucose, enzymes, and protein profiles) were noticed. Combined lead and EMF treatments had antagonizing effect on some previous parameters, whereas mice given the highest dose of lead with EMF aggravated hemato-biochemical and pathological findings. CONCLUSION: We concluded that combined exposure to ELF-EMF and Pb acetate produced significant changes in the hemato-biochemical and immune parameters which were both real and inconsistent.

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AI evidence extraction

Structured fields below were generated from the paper’s abstract and metadata to make the evidence easier to inspect. Automated extraction may be incomplete or incorrect; verify important details against the original paper.

Study typeanimal
Effect directionmixed
Population90 female mice
Sample size90
ExposureELF · 0.05 MHz · 4 h/day for 30 days
Evidence strengthLowConfidence: 78% · Peer reviewed: yes

Main findings

Compared with controls, ELF-EMF exposure (2 mT, 50 Hz; 4 h/day for 30 days) increased RBC, WBC, and platelet counts and increased phagocytosis measures. Lead acetate alone was associated with anemia/leukopenia and reduced phagocytosis at the highest dose. Combined lead and EMF showed antagonistic effects on some parameters, while the highest lead dose with EMF aggravated hemato-biochemical and pathological findings.

Outcomes measured

  • RBC count
  • WBC count
  • Platelet count
  • Anemia
  • Leukopenia
  • Phagocytosis percentage
  • Phagocytic index
  • Biochemical parameters (glucose, enzymes, protein profiles)
  • Pathological findings

Limitations

  • No details provided on randomization/blinding
  • No quantitative effect sizes reported in abstract beyond p-values
  • Exposure source/setup not described in abstract
  • Combined-exposure results described qualitatively ("antagonizing"/"aggravated") without specifying which parameters
View raw extracted JSON
{
  "study_type": "animal",
  "exposure": {
    "band": "ELF",
    "source": null,
    "frequency_mhz": 0.05,
    "sar_wkg": null,
    "duration": "4 h/day for 30 days"
  },
  "population": "90 female mice",
  "sample_size": 90,
  "outcomes": [
    "RBC count",
    "WBC count",
    "Platelet count",
    "Anemia",
    "Leukopenia",
    "Phagocytosis percentage",
    "Phagocytic index",
    "Biochemical parameters (glucose, enzymes, protein profiles)",
    "Pathological findings"
  ],
  "main_findings": "Compared with controls, ELF-EMF exposure (2 mT, 50 Hz; 4 h/day for 30 days) increased RBC, WBC, and platelet counts and increased phagocytosis measures. Lead acetate alone was associated with anemia/leukopenia and reduced phagocytosis at the highest dose. Combined lead and EMF showed antagonistic effects on some parameters, while the highest lead dose with EMF aggravated hemato-biochemical and pathological findings.",
  "effect_direction": "mixed",
  "limitations": [
    "No details provided on randomization/blinding",
    "No quantitative effect sizes reported in abstract beyond p-values",
    "Exposure source/setup not described in abstract",
    "Combined-exposure results described qualitatively (\"antagonizing\"/\"aggravated\") without specifying which parameters"
  ],
  "evidence_strength": "low",
  "confidence": 0.78,
  "peer_reviewed_likely": "yes",
  "keywords": [
    "extremely low-frequency electromagnetic fields",
    "ELF-EMF",
    "50 Hz",
    "2 mT",
    "lead acetate",
    "combined exposure",
    "mice",
    "hematology",
    "biochemical parameters",
    "immunotoxicology",
    "phagocytosis"
  ],
  "suggested_hubs": [
    {
      "slug": "occupational-exposure",
      "weight": 0.2,
      "reason": "ELF (50 Hz) magnetic-field exposure is relevant to occupational/industrial contexts, though this is an animal study and no workplace setting is specified."
    }
  ]
}
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AI-extracted fields are generated from the abstract and metadata and may be incomplete or incorrect. This material is for informational purposes and is not medical advice.

Identifiers and source

DOI: Not supplied
PubMed: 27265630

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