RF Safe

Exposure to 2100 MHz electromagnetic field radiations induces reactive oxygen species generation in roots.

Journal of microscopy and ultrastructure · 2017 · Harm · Low evidence

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HarmLow evidencePaper 4890

Onion roots exposed to continuous wave homogeneous 2100 MHz EMF-r for 1, 2, or 4 hours showed increased MDA, hydrogen peroxide, and superoxide anion content. Activities of antioxidant enzymes SOD and CAT were upregulated, and the authors conclude the exposure…

Study snapshot

PublicationJournal of microscopy and ultrastructure · 2017
Study typeanimal
Reported directionHarm
Evidence ratingLow

Abstract

During the last few decades there has been an enormous increase in the usage of cell phones as these are one of the most convenient gadgets and provide excellent mode of communication without evoking any hindrance to movement. However, these are significantly adding to the electromagnetic field radiations (EMF-r) in the environment and thus, are required to be analysed for their impacts on living beings. The present study investigated the role of cell phone EMF-r in inciting oxidative damage in onion () roots at a frequency of 2100 MHz. Onion roots were exposed to continuous wave homogenous EMF-r for 1, 2 and 4 h for single day and generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in terms of malondialdehyde (MDA), hydrogen peroxide (HO and superoxide anion (O) content and changes in the activities of antioxidant enzymes- superoxide dismutases (SOD) and catalases (CAT) were measured. The results showed that EMF-r exposure enhanced the content of MDA, HO and O. Also, there was an upregulation in the activity of antioxidant enzymes- SOD and CAT- in onion roots. The study concluded that 2100 MHz cell phone EMF-r incite oxidative damage in onion roots by altering the oxidative metabolism.

Machine Enhanced Logic

AI evidence extraction

Structured fields below were generated from the paper’s abstract and metadata to make the evidence easier to inspect. Automated extraction may be incomplete or incorrect; verify important details against the original paper.

Study typeanimal
Effect directionharm
PopulationOnion roots
Sample sizeNot supplied
ExposureRF · 2100 MHz · 1, 2 and 4 h (single day)
Evidence strengthLowConfidence: 74% · Peer reviewed: yes

Main findings

Onion roots exposed to continuous wave homogeneous 2100 MHz EMF-r for 1, 2, or 4 hours showed increased MDA, hydrogen peroxide, and superoxide anion content. Activities of antioxidant enzymes SOD and CAT were upregulated, and the authors conclude the exposure induced oxidative damage by altering oxidative metabolism.

Outcomes measured

  • Reactive oxygen species (ROS) markers
  • Malondialdehyde (MDA)
  • Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)
  • Superoxide anion (O2−)
  • Antioxidant enzyme activity (SOD, CAT)

Limitations

  • Sample size not reported in abstract
  • Specific exposure metrics beyond frequency (e.g., SAR, power density) not reported in abstract
  • Single-day exposure only (1–4 h)
View raw extracted JSON
{
  "study_type": "animal",
  "exposure": {
    "band": "RF",
    "source": "mobile phone",
    "frequency_mhz": 2100,
    "sar_wkg": null,
    "duration": "1, 2 and 4 h (single day)"
  },
  "population": "Onion roots",
  "sample_size": null,
  "outcomes": [
    "Reactive oxygen species (ROS) markers",
    "Malondialdehyde (MDA)",
    "Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)",
    "Superoxide anion (O2−)",
    "Antioxidant enzyme activity (SOD, CAT)"
  ],
  "main_findings": "Onion roots exposed to continuous wave homogeneous 2100 MHz EMF-r for 1, 2, or 4 hours showed increased MDA, hydrogen peroxide, and superoxide anion content. Activities of antioxidant enzymes SOD and CAT were upregulated, and the authors conclude the exposure induced oxidative damage by altering oxidative metabolism.",
  "effect_direction": "harm",
  "limitations": [
    "Sample size not reported in abstract",
    "Specific exposure metrics beyond frequency (e.g., SAR, power density) not reported in abstract",
    "Single-day exposure only (1–4 h)"
  ],
  "evidence_strength": "low",
  "confidence": 0.74,
  "peer_reviewed_likely": "yes",
  "keywords": [
    "2100 MHz",
    "RF-EMF",
    "cell phone",
    "onion roots",
    "oxidative stress",
    "reactive oxygen species",
    "MDA",
    "hydrogen peroxide",
    "superoxide anion",
    "SOD",
    "CAT"
  ],
  "suggested_hubs": []
}
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AI-extracted fields are generated from the abstract and metadata and may be incomplete or incorrect. This material is for informational purposes and is not medical advice.

Identifiers and source

DOI: 10.1016/j.jmau.2017.09.001
PubMed: 30023258

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